What was the general topic of the article? o What did previous research show abo

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What was the general topic of the article? o What did previous research show about this issue? o What was the goal of this particular study? Research Article First Impressions Making Up Your Mind After a 100-Ms Exposure to a Face Janine Willis and Alexander Todorov Princeton University ABSTRACT-People often drow trait inferences from the are as pervasive as are the effects of attractiveness (Montepare & facial appearance of other people. We insestigated the Zbrowite, I998: Zebnowitz, 1999). For example, baby-faced minimal conditions under which people make such infer individuals are less likely to receive severe judicial outcomes ences. In five experiments, each focusing on a specifie trait than mature-faced individuals (Zebeowitz&McDonald;, 1991). judgment, we manipulated the exposure time of unfamiliar From the stracture of the face, people form not only global faces. Judgments made after a 100-ms exposure correlated impessions, but also specific trait impressions (Hassin&Trope;, highly with judgments made in the absence of time con 2000). For example, we showed that inferences of competence, straints, suggesting that this exposure time was sufficient based solely on facial appearance, predicted the outcomes of for participants to form an impression. In fact, for all U.S. congressional elections in 2000, 2002, and 2004 (Todoro judgments-attractiveness, likeability, trustworthiness, Mandisodza, Goren, & Hall, 2005). Although we measured competence, and aggressiveness increased exposure time impressions on a variety of traits, including attractiveness, did not significantly increase the correlations, When ex trustworthiness, and likeability, the trait inference that pre- posure time increased from 100 to 500 ms, participants dieted the election outcomes was competence. Competence was judgments became more negative, response times for also rated as the most important attribute for a person running judgments decreased, and confidence in judgments in for a public office. This finding suggests that person attributes creased. When exposure time increased from 500 to 1,000 that are important for specific decisions are inferred from facial ms, trait judgments and response times did not change appearance and indluence these decisions significantly (eith one exception), but conflidence in- From both the standard-intuition and the rational-actor points creased for some of the judgments; this resulit suggests that of view, trait inferences from facial appearance should not in- additional time may simply boost confidence in judgments. Bluence important deliberate decisions. However, to the extent However, increased exposure time led to more differenti- that these inferemces occur rapidly and elfortlessly, their elleets ated person impressions, on decisions may be subtle and not subjectively recognized. Using the terms of dual process theories (Chaiken & Trope, 1999, Kahneman, 2003), we have argued that trait inferences from faces ean be characterized as fast, intuitive, unreflective System 1 processes that contrast with slow, effortfal, and de- laherate System 2 processes (Todores et al., 2005). We provided preliminary evidence for this preposal by showing that infer- ences of competence based on l-s exposure to the faces of the winners and the runners-up for the Senate races sufficed to Lavater's 1772/1880) Essays on Physiogmomy, which was laces written in 1772 and reprinted in more than 150 editions by 1940, described in minute detail how to relate facial features to per- sonality traits (eg. the nearer the eyebrows are to the eyes, the more earnest, deep, and firm the character," p. 59). Although these ideas strike most people today as ludicrous and bring to mind phrenoleg, empirical evidence shows that the effects of predict the election outcomes. facial appearance on social outcomes are pervasive. In almost every significant domain of life, attractive people get hetter tematically manipalated the expesure time of faces to further outeomes than unattractive people (Hamermesh & Biddle, 1994; Zebrowitz, 1999). The effects of baby-faced appearance In this article, we report a series of studies in which we sys inferences from facial appearance. Research on visual processing has shown that high-level objeet representations can be constracted very rapidly from visual scenes (Grill-Speetor & Kanwisher, 2005; Rousselet, Fabee-Thope, &Thorpe;, 2002 1996). It is pesible that inferenees about socially significant attributes are also rapidly extracted Address correspondence to Alesander Tedores, Department of Pvy- rhology, Creen Hall. Princeton U 592

Explanation / Answer

1) General topic of this article is to finding the relationship between mind and face in a certain conditions.

2) previous research shows about this issue is different from the modern researches and it shows that the facial expressions differs in the various conditions.

3) Goal of this study is to find out how mind prepares and what time it takes if a particular conditions being implied , to know the differences.

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