What is the physiological reasoning behind these results of putting a dialysis b
ID: 3474364 • Letter: W
Question
What is the physiological reasoning behind these results of putting a dialysis bag of concentrated NaCl in different temperatures?
i. Conductivity of 1%, 5%, and 10% solution at 20 Celsius.
1 min.
(ms/cm)
2 min.
(ms/cm)
3 min.
(ms/cm)
4 min.
(ms/cm)
5 min.
(ms/cm)
1% NaCl
99
121
150
176
198 ms/cm
5% NaCl
374
505
623
707
824
10% NaCl
500
600
879
1121
1297
ii. Conductivity of 1%, 5%, and 10% solution at 23 Celsius (room temp).
1 min.
(ms/cm)
2 min.
(ms/cm)
3 min.
(ms/cm)
4 min.
(ms/cm)
5 min.
(ms/cm)
1% NaCl
118
137
146
165
194
5% NaCl
55
321
436
541
598
10% NaCl
177
292
796
969
1141
iii. Conductivity of 1%, 5%, and 10% solution at 55 Celsius.
1 min.
(ms/cm)
2 min.
(ms/cm)
3 min.
(ms/cm)
4 min.
(ms/cm)
5 min.
(ms/cm)
1% NaCl
80
110
149
162
183
5% NaCl
590
850
1073
1289
1488
10% NaCl
1560
1806
2103
2297
2499
1 min.
(ms/cm)
2 min.
(ms/cm)
3 min.
(ms/cm)
4 min.
(ms/cm)
5 min.
(ms/cm)
1% NaCl
99
121
150
176
198 ms/cm
5% NaCl
374
505
623
707
824
10% NaCl
500
600
879
1121
1297
Explanation / Answer
Dialysis is the separation of particles based on their differential abilities to pass through a semi permeable membrane. Dialysis is performed by placing different concentrations of NaCl in a dialysis bag placed in sdistilled water and conductivity of the water is measured after varying time intervals at 200C. The measurements are repeated at room temperature (RT), 230C or 550C. At 20 degree Celsius, the conductivity increases as with concentration and time. However, at room temperature, the conductivity was found to reduce at 5% NaCl as compared to 1% NaCl while there was minimal increase in conductivity with 10%. The conductivity increased for each solution with time. For the 55 degrees Celsius incubations, the conductivities again increased for 5% and 10% NaCl although 1% NaCl was less. Further, conductivities increased with time. The increase in conductivities with time is can be linked to increased separation or release of Na and Cl ions in solution. For 1% Sodium chloride, the conductivities decreases at room temperature and the decrease at 55 degrees Celsius. For 5% and 105 NaCl, conductivites decrease at RT and increase sharply ar 55 degree Celsius, although the range is more in 10% NaCl.
The amount of sodium controls the extracellular volume in the body. In advanced renal failure, there is a positive sodium balance. This expands the extracellular volume expands leading to adverse cardiovascular consequences in patients under hemodialysis (HD) treatment. Increase in sodium levels in blood can promote reactive oxygen species, cause heart hypertrophy and dilation as well as raise blood pressure.
In HD, salt intake during the interdialytic period and sodium removal in dialysis session determines the sodium balance. Ultrafitration of plasma water removes most of the sodium while diffusion process helps in fine-tuning of sodium balance. The resulting negative or positive sodium gradient between dialysate and plasma, induces the patients to either even greater removal of plasma sodium, or to experience sodium gain. Reliable measurement of sodium concentration during HD is therefore very important clinically as reduced sodium may cause hypotensive response.
The present experiment indicates that the appropriate temperature at which dialysis should be performed as too much removal or too less removal of sodium may have deleterious effects on the patients.
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