Differences of chemical composition of extracellular liquid and intracellular en
ID: 3474438 • Letter: D
Question
Differences of chemical composition of extracellular liquid and intracellular environment. The passive transport of components, its types and mechanisms (diffusion, osmosis). The active transport of components, its types and mechanisms. Co-transport, counte-transport A concept of the membrane potential and resting potential. Methods of registration of resting potential, and its physical characteristics. The ionic mechanisms of origin of the normal resting membrane potential (diffusion potential, Nernst potential). Resting membrane potential of nerves and skeletal muscles fibers. Main and complimentary factors, which influence on a value of the resting membrane potential. Action potential: the structure, physical and physiological characteristics. Structure and basic properties of ionic protein channels, which take part in development of active potential. Voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels. Ionic mechanisms of development of basic phases of action potential. Initiation of the action potential: a positive-feedback mechanism, threshold for initiation of the AP Excitability, its changes during development of active potential, refractory period. Literature: Guyton, Arthur C. Textbook of medical physiology- Ch.4, 5.
Explanation / Answer
Intracellular fluid refers to the watery substance flound inside the cell and is separated from outer environment of the cell by plasma membrane. The material inside the cell sorrounded by plasma membrane is called as cytosol.
It mainly contains water which forms 70% of the total volume of the cytosol. Therefore, the pH of the cytosol is within the range of 7.0-7.4. Other substance that occur inside cytosol are protiens, enzymes, ribosomes, lipid droplets, alongwith mineral ions such as calcium, pottasium, Magnesium, sodium,chloride etc. The concentration of sodium, calcium, and chloride ions in the cytosol is lower than that of the external environment of the cytosol. However, concentrati9n of potassium and magnesium ions is higher in the cytosol than that of the external environment of the cell.
Apart from these substances, cytosol also contains sub cellular structures meant to perform specific functions in the cell. These structures are called as cell organelles such as Mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus etc.
Extracellular fluid refers to the fluid that lies outside the cell. It mainly consists of higher concentration of sodium ions than the intracellular fluid and lower concentrati9n of pottasium ions than the intracellar fluid. It also contains about 30 percent of water and its pH lies within the range of 7.4.
The diiference in the concentration of Sodium and Pittasium ions on the two sides of the cell 8s important for propagation of nerve impulse.
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