Proprioception is the concept of orienting oneself in space through sensory inpu

Question

Proprioception is the concept of orienting oneself in space through sensory input. This concept is dependent upon environment and physiology. This station explores the multiple mechanisms that different species have developed to receive and respond to sensory input from their external environment. For example, some cavefish are completely blind, how do they move around their environment? One main way is alterations in audio reception and the other is through sensing changes in gravity around them. Explore the models and diagrams at this station to understand how different sensory mechanisms have evolved to help animals sense the world around them.

a.              Examine the vertebrate inner ear diagram. What are some similarities? What are some differences?

b. The lateral line system in fish is vital to their proprioception, but mammals lack this system. Why might these different systems exist between mammals and fish (e.g., environment)?

Semicircular canals Semicircular canals Utricle Ampulla Lagena Utricle Ampulla Saccule Lagena Saccule (a) Teleost fish (b) Frog Semicircular canals Semicircular canals Utricle Utricle Saccule Ampulla Saccule Cochlear duct Cochlea (c) Bird (d) Mammal Copyright© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

Explanation / Answer

a.The vertebrate inner ear shares basic structural patterns in different species ,however with the course of evelutio, each class of vertebrte has developed its own specific morphology owing to ite respective habitat

2.Compared to terrestrial animals fishes have a diffrent enviornment setting .and their sensory systems have evolved to adapt well to those settings.(eg.Fish vision shows adaptation to their visual environment, for example deep sea fishes have eyes suited to the dark environment.)Likewise. vertebrate sensory system that is present fishes, in larval amphibians , and in some amphibians helps to retain their aquatic lifestyle.

Talking of lateral line sysytem in fishes(which is a detection system of water currents and body postitioning),sice the light enviorment(different wavelengths of light being absorbed to different degrees,due to optic properties of water),sound enviorment( reduced ability to localize sound sources underwater, in which the speed of sound is faster than in air) are different ,lateral line system evolved in fishes responds to water flowing past the skin surface and uses different flow patterns over the body to form hydrodynamic images of the animal's nearby surroundings and positioning just as the visual system forms visual images of the environment using different light patterns on the retina.

This lateral line system (composed of 100 sensory organs ,composed of sensory hair cells(also found in the auditory system of all vertebrates.) is arranged in lines on or just under the skin of the head and body of the fish due to their constant contact with water.)

Also anatomically,fishes are poorly equipped with proprioceptors unlike terrestrial beings,apart from some special cases might also be due to a neglegible role of gravity in organisms of similar density to water and damping of movement due to surrounding medium(water in case of fish)

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