please explain! 1)Could too much Na+ in the CSF lead to the perception of pain?
ID: 3477040 • Letter: P
Question
please explain!
1)Could too much Na+ in the CSF lead to the perception of pain?
A---Yes, it could lead to false pain perception
B----No, it would not lead to pain perception
2) Could a depletion of calcium ions in the CSF and thus the entire nervous system, cause chronic pain?
A--Yes, this might lead to her pain perception
B--No, it would not lead to her pain perception
3) Could a deficiency in isoleucine lead to the perception of pain?
A--Yes, it could lead to false pain perception
B--No, it would not lead to pain perception
4) Could defective Cl- channels lead to the perception of pain?
A--Yes, it could lead to false pain perception
B--No, it would not lead to pain perception
Explanation / Answer
1. Sodium is involved in neuronal excitability. Migraine is a disorder wherein the patient suffers from violent headaches and pain. Concentration of sodium in CSF increases during migraine, although such a change is not observed in blood plasma levels. Higher sodium levels in CSF cause increased capillary epithelial cell sodium potassium ATPase (NKAT). This activation leads to activation of delta opioid receptors in peripheral nerve terminals. As a result, there is perception of pain.
Option is A.
2. When calcium is depleted in interstitial fluid, the sodium channels are opened with membrane potentials just above the threshold. The nerve fires action potential spontaneously, resulting in tetany. Tetany cause involuntary muscle cramps and contractions in the hands and feet, resulting in pain.
Option A is right.
3. Isoleucine is an essential amino acid required to maintain and repair muscle tissue. It prevents breakdown of muscle tissue during exercise. It stabilizes energy levels by regulation of blood sugars. Isoleucine deficiency will induce tremors in muscles. It does not cause perception of pain.
Option B is right.
4. Chloride channels are important routes for transport of chloride across organellar membranes involved in endosomal, lysosomal and Golgi acidification as well as muscle contraction and neuroexcitation. They are of different types: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator or CFTR, calcium activated chloride channels, voltage gated chloride channels, ligand gated chloride channels, and volume regulated chloride channels. These channels allow passes of Cl-ions and to lesser extent HCO3- anions.
GABAA and Glycine receptors depend on Cl- channels for their action. Influx of Cl- causes hyperpolarization of the membranes. This action prevents development of action potential caused by neurotransmitters. If Cl-ions are depleted, these receptors will be inactive. Hence, action potentials via gated channels can be developed in response to neurotransmitters. Increased sodium channels will activate pain receptors.
Option A is right
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