The bronchospasms of asthma can be treated with inhalants that mimic the action

Question

The bronchospasms of asthma can be treated with inhalants that mimic the action of the

Sympathetic Nervous Division. First, state the three word, functional name (not

commercial) of this class of drugs, and explain the meaning of each word in this functional

name. Second, describe how this drug works in the bronchioles. Last, why is this drug

applied by inhalation instead of ingestion? That is, what are the benefits of delivering the

drug to the lungs instead of systemically, and what are the detriments of delivering the drug

to the blood instead of the lungs?

Explanation / Answer

Sudden constriction of muscle walls leads to contraction of muscle; this is known as bronchospasm. These functions comes under fight and flight, and is a part of sympathetic nervous system. To control bronchospasms a drug has to be given which controls flight and flight; such as drug should be active drug of rest and digest. This drug is known as sympatholytic drug. These drugs inhibit the action of adrenaline hormone, and thus bring the muscle away from shock condition.

The word 'sympatho' is related to sympathetic nervous system; 'lytic' means break down; and drug refers to a chemical. So, the term sympatholytic drug implies to a drug which breaks down the action of sympathetic nervous system.

These drugs interfere with beta-receptors, which are responsible for vasoconstriction. As a result, bronchial smooth muscles are relaxed. This further relieves from bronchospasms. Air can now pass easily from nasal passage to lung.

If inhaled, the drug will go directly from nasal passage towards the bronchi and bronchioles; here it will act on the beta2 adrenergic receptors and show immediate effect (within 4 hours approx.)

Note that this drug cannot be given orally or by injection. It can be metabolized by the liver. If given orally, it will pass through the urine and feces. Some patients may have hypersensitivity to this drug; in these patients the drug may have a paralysis like effect accompanied by tremors, nausea, dizziness, and vomiting.

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