1. List the flow of blood in order, starting with where it first enters the hear
ID: 3477512 • Letter: 1
Question
1. List the flow of blood in order, starting with where it first enters the heart after going through the systemic circuit and ending with it re-entering the systemic circuit after leaving the heart. You must include all heart chambers, valves and blood vessels that the blood encounters on its path.
2. What happens (increase or decrease) to stroke volume if…
(a) afterload increases?
(b) preload increases?
(c) the sympathetic nervous system is activated?
Explain the physiological reason for your answers in each of the three situations. In other words, how/why does stroke volume change in each of the three situations?
3. An increase in afterload (e.g., aortic stenosis) results in a decrease in blood flow in the systemic circuit. What physiological mechanisms could help to raise blood flow and thus compensate for the higher afterload? Provide three possible mechanisms. Hint: You would have tried out these compensatory mechanisms in activity 7 of the PhysioEx experiment. Which of the three types of compensation was the best at restoring blood flow?
Explanation / Answer
1. The blood enters through inferior and superior venacava carrying the blood from veins. Hence it is taken as entry point.
A. Inferior and superior vena cava (from circulation to heart)
B. Right atrium (deoxygenated blood)
C. Tricuspid valve
D. Right ventricle
E. Pulmonary semilunar valve
F. Pulmonary arteries (deoxygenated blood to lungs)
G. Lungs
H. Pulmonary veins (both right and left; oxygenated blood from lungs)
I. Left atrium (oxygenated blood)
J. Bicuspid valve
K. Left ventricle
L. Aortic semilunar valve
M. Aorta
N. Arteries (oxygenated blood to circulation for all organs)
O. Capillaries
P. Veins (deoxygenated blood to heart from circulation)
Q. Superior and inferior vena cava.
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