Test 3 Review: Blood Vessels, Lymphatics, and Nervous Systems 110 2X 11, Be able

Question

Test 3 Review: Blood Vessels, Lymphatics, and Nervous Systems   110 2X

11, Be able to describe the anatomy of the meninges and its association with CSF

12, Be able to outline the steps for a reflex arc

13, Be able to state the anatomy of the brain and the function(s) for each part

14, Be able to state that the nervous system is derived from ectoderm (germ layer)

15, Be able to state the twelve cranial nerves in order. Be able to state the Roman number, anatomical name, and origin within the brain for each nerve

16, Be able to explain the differences between cholinergic and adrenergic nerve fibers

Explanation / Answer

Question 11.

Answer

The central nervous system consist two parts brain and spinal cord. These are covered by a layer of tissue is called Meninges. brain have three layers

1. Dura Mater

2. Arachnoid Mate

3. Pia Mater

Dura mater;

it is thick, leathery membrane and form the outer protective layer of the brain. It consist of two layers: the periosteal layer and  the meningeal layer. These layers are fused, in some regions they encloses blood-filled cavities called dural sinuses. the dura
mater have three separate extensions in the brain: (1) The falx cerebri separates the two hemispheres
of the cerebrum. (2) The falx cerebelli,separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum. (3) The tentorium cerebelli separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

Arachnoid mater

Below to the dura mater, the narrow subdural space, is the arachnoid mater. it is a thin membrane, and encloses the wide subarachnoid space, is made of fibrous material and cells connected by tight junctions that seal the space.

The sub arachnoid space is filled with CSF. the subarachnoid space enlarges to form cisterns. archnoid mater consist of arachnoid villi or arachnoid granulations and are involved in the reabsorption of CSF into venous blood.

pia mater

it is the inner most layer of meninges. it is thin layer of connective tissue. dipping down into sulci and it is highly vascularised. it is permeable to CSF.

The CSF formed in the choroid plexuses o lateral ventricles. they are opened into third ventricle. through interventricular foramina. From that the uid ows into the midbrain through the aqueduct. Then fluid enters into fourth ventricle. CSF enters the subarachnoid space through three
openings in the roof of the fourth ventricle. then CSF enters and circulate in the central canal of the spinal cord
and in the subarachnoid space.

  CSF is slowly reabsorbed into the blood through arachnoid villi,

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