A stimulus which follows a response and leads to a decrement in the performance
ID: 3478931 • Letter: A
Question
A stimulus which follows a response and leads to a decrement in the performance of that response is known as a _________________ .
An organism is reinforced on average every 22 responses. This is said to be a V___ 22 schedule.
Variable schedules produce continuous rates of responding. Fixed schedules are characterized by a ___________ after the delivery of a positive reinforcement.
Think of examples of open and closed genetic programs. Does the white crown sparrow learn to sing? Is singing in this case an open genetic program? What other examples of bird singing should you know?
Locating and using a memory is known as ______________ . What are the 3 steps to remembering any event?
Name the essential components of the three- state (component) model (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1971) of memory. Describe their functions.
Peterson and Peterson (1959) kept their subjects from rehearsing a triad of letters by having the subjects _______________________________ .
What is the capacity of short term memory?. What is a "chunk"?
Long term memory is sometimes divided into three areas: episodic, semantic, and procedural. Define these terms. In amnesia, some people loose their "identity" but still know how to speak English and drive cars. Why is this evidence for dividing long-term memories into separate categories?
In the Craik and Tulving experiment, subjects memories of words were best when they had made _________________ judgments about the words.
Vivid memories associated with emotional events are called __________.
Describe retrograde and anterograde amnesia.
Define retroactive and proactive interference.
Who was H.M.? Destruction of what portion of the brain produced profound anterograde amnesia in this patient?
Explanation / Answer
*1.Punishment.
*2.Variable ratio (VR) 22 schedule.
3.Pause.
* Yes, white crown sparrow learn to sing.Its brain is prepared to learn that song.
Yes, singing is an open genetic program in this case as it learns the song from parents but it is also biologically prepared.
Other exapmle is a coo coo bird.
*Retrirval.
The 3 steps to remember an event is 1.meditate,2. focus and frame and 3.prospective review.
*The 3 essential components amd functions are:
1.Sensory memory-helps in attention.
2.Short term memory- which has small capacity and helps to elobrate rehearsel.
3.Long term memory- where retrieval takes it back to short term.
The subjects are count backwards from a hundred by three.
*Capacity of short term memory is about 7 information bits chunks.
A chunk is a meaningful group.
*Episodic is defined as declarative memory for life events.
Semantic is defined as declarative memory for facts, figures and work meaning.
Procedural is defined as training given by operant behaviour, like riding a bike.
* Semantic judgments.
*Flashbulb memories.
*Retrograde amnesia ia defined as concussion which interferes W/ and enters STM.
Anterograde amnesia is defined as interference of STM to W/ which leads to new learning.
Retroactive interference is defined as the problems recalling old information because of newly learned information.
Proactive interference is defined as difficulty in learning new information because of presence of already existing information.
H.M(Henry Molaison) is a brain surgeon who stops seizures. Destruction of bilateral hippocampus leads to anterograde amnesia in patients.
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