Smell /Olfaction / Olfaction 1. Draw and describe the organization and functiona

Question

Smell /Olfaction / Olfaction 1. Draw and describe the organization and functional parts of the olfactory apparatus. 2. What is the role of the thin mucus lining that covers the olfactory epithelium? 3. Starting at the nasal epithelium, describe and diagram the pathways of the olfactory sensation and until it is interpreted in the brain. In case of head trauma, the olfactory bulb moves with respect to the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, the axons projecting from the sensory neurons to the olfactory bulb may be damaged. Describe clinical conditions that alter olfactory sensations. Demonstrate understanding of the terms anosmia and hyposmia.

Explanation / Answer

olfsctory apparatus consists of receptor cells called olfactory cells and olfactory membrane. olfactory membrane lies in the upper part of each nostril. It folds downwards ovdr the surface of superior septum medially and over the surface of superior turbinate laterally. olfactory epithelium is formed of olfactory cells.

Olfactory cells are receptor cells which are bipolar nerve cells. These cells are derived from central nervous system. Olfactory epithelim contains about 100 million olfactory cells which loe interspersed among sustentacular cells. One end of these celks forms a knob carrying olfactory hairs or cilia that project into mucus coating the inner surface of nasal cavith. These cilia forms a dense coat in mucus. Membrane of these cikia bears receptor protiens which react to different odors. Sensation of odors by these cilia stimulates olfactory cells. These cells relay the signal to central nervous system by olfactory nerve.

Olfactory membrane also contains small mucus secreting glands called Bowmans glands that secrete mucus onto the surface of olfactory membrane.

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