3. Explai n the effect of each of these on urine production, blood volume, and a
ID: 3479988 • Letter: 3
Question
3. Explai n the effect of each of these on urine production, blood volume, and and blood sodium concentration: (a) injection of ADH (b) injection of renin (c) injection of aldosterone (d) injection (e) injection of a drug that blocks the action of ADH (f) injection of 10% NaCl (g) injection of distilled water of angiotensin II 4. Explain the effect of each of the following on the color and specific gravity of urine: (a) injection of 10% NaCl (b) dehydration (c) injection of distilled water 5. Explain why the administration of ADH is (at least in concept) a potential thera for both diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus.Explanation / Answer
Q-3- a) Injection of ADH- Retention of water by the kidney by increasing the water permeability of the renal
collecting ducts. Water is absorbed from the urine, the urine becomes more concentrated, and its volume decreases. Increase in blood volume. Reduces blood sodium concentration.
b) injection of Renin - Renin (enzyme) converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I. It leads to increase sodium retention, hence increases blood sodium, decreases urine volume (reducing water loss from urine), hence increase in Blood volume.
c) Injection of aldosterone - aldosterone causes distal tubule to reabsorb more water and sodium. Hence increases blood volume, increases blood sodium and decreases urine volume.
d) Injection of Angiotensin-II- It causes vasoconstriction and aldosterone release. It causes increased sodium absorption, leads to increase blood sodium, blood volume and decrease urine volume.
e) Injection of drug that blocks ADH- They are vasopressin receptor antagonists (Vaptans) . it leads to increase blood sodium, decrease blood volume,and increases urine volume.
f) Injection of 10% NaCl- Administration of salt increases blood volume, by absorbing more water into the blood stream. Urine volume decreases. Blood sodium increases also leads to increases blood pressure.
g) Injection of distilled water- The increase in water will lead to increase urine volume, decrease blood volume.
Q-4- A) Injection of 10% NaCl- Dark coloured Urine and High Urine specific gravity
B) Dehydration - Dark coloured Urine and High Urine specific gravity
C) Injection of distilled water - Pale urine and Low Specific gravity
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