UNIT 14 1 Introduction to the Nerous Sys 299 7. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimm

Question

UNIT 14 1 Introduction to the Nerous Sys 299 7. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the brain and spinal cord. It causes dam- age to the myelin surrounding nerve fibers as well as to the nerve fibers themselves. The damaged myelin forms scar tissue (a process called sclerosis), which gives the disease its name. How does this disease affect nerve impalse conduction? Why 8. Does cach description apply to an astrocyte (A) or to a satellite cell (S) or to both cell types (A and S? a. Maintains proper ionic environment -b. Anchors capillaries to neurons C. Found in central nervous systenm Does each description apply to a hormone (H) or to a neurotransmitter (N) or to both a hormone and a neurotransmitter (H and N) 9. a. Function as chemical messengers b. Released into the bloodstream -c. Produced by endocrine glands Does each description apply to a bipolar neuron (B) or to a unipolar neuron (U) or to both necuron types (B and U)? 10. a·Classified as a sensory neuron b Consists of one dendrite and one ason c. Found in the retina and olfactory mucosa Does each description apply to a graded potential (G) or to an action potential (A) or to both potential types (G and A 11. a. Classified as an electrical event b. Can vary in intensity c. Classified as an all-or-none event

Explanation / Answer

7. Myelin forms an insulating layer around the signalling conducting axons. The loss of myelin causes the signal to degrade, meaning the signal can be lost or take longer to reach the ends of the axon. Because of this, impulse conduction is slowed down, lost or decreased in amplitude.

8. a. A

b. S

c. A

9. a. H and N

b. H

c. H

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