17. The ORS wave of an electrocardiogram (EKG) is produced by A) depolarization
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17. The ORS wave of an electrocardiogram (EKG) is produced by A) depolarization of the atria. B) repolarization of the atria C) depolarization of the ventricles. D) repolarization of the ventricles. 18. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway: A) is activated by renin. B) acts to decrease loss of sodium in urine. C) increases in activity in response to blood loss. D) can be blocked to help lower blood pressure. E) All of these are correct 19. Which of the following is not a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic heart disease? A) Hypertension B) Diabetes mellitus C) Hyperthyroidism D) Cigarette smoking E) Metabolic syndrome 20. Narrowing and hardening of arteries is known as: A) atherosclerosis. B) thrombosis. C) stroke. D) hemorrhage. 21. The most likely place for a thrombosis to form post-operatively is: A) the lungs B) the left side of the heart. C) the legs. D) anywhere in the body 22. Which of the following statements relating to congestive failure is not correct? A) It may follow any type of heart disease. B) It leads to excretion of excessive amounts of salt and water by the kidneys. C) Venous pressure is elevated. D) Blood volume is increased. 23. Which is the most serious complication of an aortic aneurysm? A) Dilation of the aorta, which may compress adjacent abdominal organs B) Formation of the thrombi on the rough intimal surface on the aneurysm wall C) Rupture of the aneurysm D) Degeneration and calcification of the aneurysm wall 24. Angina pectoris is usually a manifestation of which of the following? A) Hypertension B) Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries C) Aortic aneurysm D) Infective (bacterial) endocarditis 25. What is the mechanism of death following cardiac tamponade? A) Impaired cardiac contraction due to inflammation surrounding a myocardial infarction B) Compression of the heart by the blood on the pericardial sac, which impairs filling in diastole C) Over distension of the ventricles due to heart failure D) Spasm of coronary arteriesExplanation / Answer
17. C
QRS wave of ECG represents depolarization of the right and left ventricles of the heart.
18. E All the above.
All statements are correct. When the renal blood flow is reduced, juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin.
19. C Hyperthyroidism
High blood pressure that is hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, family history and unhealthy diet are risk factors for atherosclerotic heart diseases.
20. A. Atherosclerosis
Thrombosis is when there is formation of blood clot inside a blood vessel obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
21. C Legs leading to deep vein thrombosis. That is why prolonged bed rest after operations is to be avoided.
22. A
23. C
24. B
25. B
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