Biomechanical Modeling (50 points) In this problem, you are asked to use the sin
ID: 3481848 • Letter: B
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Biomechanical Modeling (50 points) In this problem, you are asked to use the single-segment planar static modeling approach to assess the mechanical stress posed by external loading on the elbow joint. The following anthropometric measurements were taken: Whole body weight W= 200 lbs (1 lb is equivalent to 4.445 N) LFA = 30 cm Forearm length (excluding the hand) Distance between elbow joint and knuckle DELBN-40 cm The following formula are given: Forearm-hand weight Distance between elbow joint and the foream/hand center of mass Duscou = 0.682 x LFA (1) Assume that the elbow is at a 9o angle with a horizontal forearm and a vertical upper arm. Label the forearm and hand in the following picture with the following: a) Location of COM, i.e. the center of mass of the forearm and hand (2 points) b) DELB-CoM and DELBKN (4 points) c) All internal and external forces and moment (6 points) (2) It is known that the higher the reactive moment at the elbow (MELBOw), the more stress it places on the elbow. To protect the individual's elbow from potential injury, we want to keep MELBow below 80 (N-m). For this individual at this 90 elbow angle, what would be the highest allowable weight (in lbs) for the handheld load WLOAD? (10 points)Explanation / Answer
Multiple choice:
1. (1) Tendons- (d) connecting muscle and bone.
These are flexible bands of fibrous tissue attach the skeletal muscles to the bones which they move.
(2) ligaments-(c) connecting bone and bone.
Ligaments connect bone to bone.They provide stability around the joint. They play a major role in musculoskeletal biomechanics.
(3) Cartilages- (e) cushioning between articulating bony surfaces.
(4)Muscles- (a) force generation.
Muscular system is a movement it also helps to stabilize joints, maintain posture and generate heat during activity.
(5) Bones- (b) support and protection
It provides support, movement, protection, storage of minerals. The cranium and ribs protect the brain and vital organs in the chest.
2. The following is not a synovial joint
(c) shoulder joint (the glenohumeral joint is the main articulation of the shoulder joint)
3. A Pivot joint only allows rotation along bone axes.
(At the top of the spine the Atlas and acids form a pivot joint that allows for rotation of the head.
4. (2) joint between radius and ulna
5. (4) muscle fibre
The smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle is the muscle fibre which is long cylindrical cell that contains many nuclei, mitochondria and sarcomeres.It is surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue called the endomysium.
6.(1) Muscle fibres/motor neurons
A motor unit is made up of a motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by the axon terminals.
7. (1) 0.5 N.m CW
8. Vertebral sections of a human spinal column from top to bottom-
(3) cervical, thoracic,lumbar,sacrum
Cervical ( C1 to C7)
Thoracic ( T1 to T12)
Lumbar ( L1 to L5)
Sacrum ( S1 to S5) bottom of the spine.
9. (4) Part of nervous system
10. (1) tennis elbow - a) tendonitis
(2) carpal tunnel syndrome - c) ischemia
(3) golfers elbow - a) tendonitis
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