Respiratory System Ventalation please make up own values and scenarios. Respirat

Question

Respiratory System Ventalation please make up own values and scenarios.

Respiratory System: Ventilation Air flow (F) is a measure of the volume of air moving in or out of the lungs in a given time frame. Air flow into or out of the lungs is determined by the following equation: F- (P1-P2)/R P1 and P2 are air pressures in specific locations. What specific air pressures do these represent? Which of these two pressures does the body manipulate for the purpose of ventilation? Number the following events in the correct sequence for inspiration: Alveolar (intrapulmonary) pressure drops Inspiratory muscles contract Air moves into the lungs Alveolar volume increases What type of pressure is present in the pleural cavity (i.e. negative or positive)? Explain why this pressure is important for inspiration: A condition called pneumothorax results from a puncture through the thoracic wall to the pleural cavity. Explain what effect this would have on the intrapleural pressure, and how this change in pressure would affect ventilation. Why is expiration under resting conditions considered a passive process? In what kinds of circumstances or situations would the body need to engage in active expiration? What muscles are used for this process? Describe two types of abnormalities that would decrease the compliance of the lungs

Explanation / Answer

P1 - atmospheric pressure.

P2-alveolar pressure

as the rate of flow is proportional to the pressure difference, and environmental pressure is generally constant, the respiratory system manipulates its internal pressure(alveolar) to maintain airflow

during normal breathing, the pleural pressure is negative; that is, it is below atmospheric pressure

as we know the difference between the atmospheric pressure and the alveolar pressure determine if the air moves inside the lungs. During inspiration as the chest wall expands intrapleural pressure decreases (more negative), that is below the atmospheric pressure, thus causing the air to flow in. thus the air taken into the lung is driven by these pressure gradients in the pleural cavity.

as a negative pressure is maintained in the pleural cavity to allow the inflow of the air, any damage to pleural cavity the intrapleural pressure becomes equal to or exceeds the atmospheric pressure, this causes air to build up causing the lung to collapse. The pressure also prevents the lung from expanding when you try to inhale, causing chest pain and shortness of breath.thus ventilation becomes one way as more air to enters with every breath but none to escape

expiration occurs when the relaxation of the diaphragm muscle happens.this is a passive process( a process that does not need any energy input.) due to the elastic properties of the lungs which help them to recoil during expiration thus as the air leaves lung, due to its elasticity , it returns back to its original size without any assistance

active expiration is a forced exhalation using the abdominal wall, internal intercostal muscles, and diaphragm. which occurs due to a loss of the elasticity of lungs ( in case of alveolar damage)

active expiration is caused by the contraction of abdominal wall muscles(including the rectus abdominus, internal and external obliques, and transversus abdominus) and internal intercostals (pulling the ribs down and in, thus decreasing thoracic volume).

Two classes of lung disease cause decreased compliance: restrictive interstitial lung diseases and diseases associated with fluid in the lungs.

example.

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