IThe Reproductive Cycle a. Increasing levels of what hormone stimulates the ovar

Question

IThe Reproductive Cycle a. Increasing levels of what hormone stimulates the ovary? b. What does this hormone specifically stimulate within the ovary? c. What specific layer of the uterus is shed during this phase? Day 6-13 Ovarian a. As the follicle develops, what hormone does it produce? b. What effects on the uterus does this hormone generate? c. What is happening to the oocyte during this phase? a. Define Ovulation. b. An increase in what hormone directly causes this event? c. Approximately, how long does this oocyte remain viable? (pg. 1097) d. If fertilization occurs, how many days does it take to implant? Day 15-28 ovarian Cycle Uterine C a. What name is given to the follicle after ovulation? b. If fertilization occurs, what hormone maintains this follicle remnant for 3 months and is used for pregnancy tests? (pg. 1081) c. What two steroid hormones does this follicle remnant produce? d. What effects on the uterus does a decrease in one of these hormones have when they decrease at the end of the cycle when fertilization does not occur Birth Control Methods Name a birth control method that interferes with the following events a. Ovulation. Birth-Control pls + uva Rin Plan? b. Transport of sperm within male. Vistctom c. Transport of egg within uterine tube of female. d. Implantation of fertilized egg into the uterine wall. IuP - In traulei e. Sperm moving into the female uterus from the vagina. (Barrier Methods) f. Fetus maturing to birth.

Explanation / Answer

Ovarian Cycle : Day 1-5

a. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) a gonadotropin synthesized and secreted by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland, produces more estrogen to prepare the uterus for pregnancy. FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) work together during this phase.

b. The rise in FSH levels recruits five to seven tertiary-stage ovarian follicles also known as a Graafian follicle or antral follicle, for entry into the menstrual cycle.

c. When the implantation fails, the inner lining of soft tissue (endometrium) sheds in the uterus causing the menstruation.

Day 6-13

a. Luteinizing hormone (LH) produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland triggers ovulation.

b. The uterus develops a new endometrial layer. LH rise in level triggers ovulation, thereby releasing the egg from the follicle and initiate the conversion of the residual follicle into a corpus luteum that, in turn, produces progesterone to prepare the endometrium for a possible implantation.

c. High estrogen levels initiate the formation of a new layer of endometrium in the uterus

Day 14

a. Ovulation is the rupture of follicles which release the secondary oocyte ovarian cells, the ovum.

In simple terms, Ovulations is the release of an ovum (egg) from the ovaries.

b. LH release matures the egg and weakens the wall of the follicle in the ovary, causing the fully developed follicle to release its secondary oocyte.The secondary oocyte promptly matures into an ootid and then matures into an ovum.

c. The oocyte remains viable for 24 hrs.

d. Approximately, it takes 5-6 days for the fertilised egg to get implanted.

Day 15-28

1. The remnants of the follicle after ovulation is referred to as the Corpus Luteum

2. The corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone and secrete the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin. This maximises the chance of implantation into the endometrium; it reaches a maximum size at ~10 weeks and finally resolves at around 16-20 weeks .

3. Progesterone & Relaxin are produced

4. The corpus luteum stops secreting progesterone and degenerates into a mass of fibrous scar tissue known as corpus albicans. The uterine lining (endometrium) is expelled .

Birth Control

a. Ovulation: hormonal contraceptives work by disrupting the menstrual cycle.

Ethinylestradiol/etonogestrel popularly known as  NuvaRing is a contraceptive vaginal ring containing the estrogen ethinylestradiol and the progestin etonogestrel can be used.

b. Transport of Sperm : A surgical procedure known as the Vasectomy, where the male vas deferens are severed and then tied or sealed to prevent sperm from entering into the urethra and thereby prevent fertilization.

c. Transport of Egg: A surgical procedure known as Tubectomy, in which a woman's fallopian tubes are clamped and blocked or severed and sealed, either of which prevents eggs from reaching the uterus for implantation.

d. A small, often T-shaped birth control device made of copper known intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD or ICD) is inserted into a woman's uterus to prevent pregnancy. IUDs are one form of long-acting reversible birth control also an emergency contraception within five days of unprotected intercourse.

e. Barrier methods are the usage protective contraceptions during intercourse, preventing the sperm from reaching the egg.This includes the diaphragm, cervical cap, male condom, and female condom and spermicidal foams etc.

f. Abortifacient , also known as abortion pills, is a substance that induces abortion, eg.Mifepristone.

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