Need help answering these questions: 1. Discuss the effects of increasingly high

Question

Need help answering these questions:

1. Discuss the effects of increasingly higher altitudes on partial pressure of oxygen in ambient air, oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (Hb) in pulmonary capillaries, and VO2max

2. Discuss the oxygen transport cascade at sea level and high altitude

Discuss immediate and longer-term physiologic adjustments to altitude exposure

3. Graph the relationship between increasing altitude exposure and decrease in VO2max

4. Discuss alterations in hematological and cardiovascular function that offset the benefits of altitude acclimatization on O2 transport capacity

5. Describe the concept of “living high, training low”

6. Describe 2 methods by which individuals can simulate a “ live high, train low” environment while permanently residing at sea level.

7. Describe acute mountain sickness, high altitude pulmonary edema, and high altitude cerebral edema.

Explanation / Answer

1) At high altitudes (above sealevel ) oxygen will be less. Barometric pressure determines the Partial pressure of Oxygen (pO2). At sealevel ,the pO2 of ambient air is 159 mmHg. As it passes through respiratory tract it gains water vapour particles present their ans thus makes pO2 149 mmHg.

O2 saturation of haemoglobin means amount of O2 present in blood. The amount of haemoglobin in blood increases with high altitude . And thus haemoglobin increases the O2 carrying capacity. But sometimes blood can be more viscous in pulmonary capillaries due to high haemoglobin and it is difficult to pump blood to heart.

4) Alterations in CVS and hematological function,

Increased haemoglobin (to increase O2 uptake)

Increased heart rate (Tachycardia) & Cardiac output, At first Bp is raised after few days cardiac output will become normal. Cardic output and O2 consumption is maintained in all situations. If O2 consumption os decreased it can lead to hypoxia .

5) Live high, Train low is for Athletes . It is a training method by which athlets live at high altitude & train low for improving their performance at Sea level. At high altitude low O2 will makes RBC count increased .

7) Acute mountain sickness/ Altitude sickness/ High altitude pulmonary edema, Symptoms include

Increased Heart beat, Vomiting , Muscle ache, Dizziness , Nausea , Headache, Short breath

Simple cases are self treatable

Fluid accumulation in lungs / lung tissues is pulmonary edema ,high altitude pulmonary edema occurs when you travel to high altitude. Symptoms include

Difficulty in breathing, cough, Tachycardia ( increased heart rate) , Tachypnea

Pulmonary edema can be caused by trauma/injury to brain or due to seizures etc which may lead to fluid accumulation in lungs.

High altitude cerebral edema: Brain swelling due to fluid accumulation in brain, in severe cases brain can stop functioning.

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