41) Which of the following are primarily responsible for maintaining the salinit

Question

41) Which of the following are primarily responsible for maintaining the salinity gradient of the renal medulla? A. Cortical nephrons D. Proximal convoluted tubules B. Juxtamedullary nephrons C. Collecting ducts E. Distal convoluted tubules 42) Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by the A. renal corpuscle D. glomerular capillaries B. proximal convoluted tubule E. collecting duct C. distal convoluted tubule 43) Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate? A. Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole C. Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole B. A drop in oncotic pressure D. Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole E. An increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule 44) The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as_ A. renal autoregulation B. the myogenic mechanism C. tubuloglomerular feedback D. sympathetic control E. the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism 45) Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the of one's nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption. A. proximal convoluted tubules C. loops of Henle B. distal convoluted tubules D. collecting ducts E. glomeruli 46) Aldosterone acts on the A. proximal convoluted tubule C. descending limb of the nephron loop D distal convoluted tubule E. glomerulus B. medullary portion of the collecting duct 47) Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCI to pass through? A. Glomerulus D. Collecting duct B. Proximal convoluted tubule E. Nephron loop C. Distal convoluted tubule 48) Which of the following induces renin secretion, constricts afferent arterioles, and reduces GFR and urine volume? A. Aldosterone D. Norepinephrine B. Antidiuretic hormone C. Parathyroid hormone E. Angiotensin II 49) Micturition is another term for A. the production of nitrogenous wastes C. the countercurrent multiplier process E. the elimination of urine B. glomerular filtration D. inflammation of the urinary bladder

Explanation / Answer

41)

B. Juxtamedullary nephron

42)

B. proximal convoluted tubule

43)

D. Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole

44)

B. the myogenic mechanism

45)

A. proximal convoluted tubules

46)

B. medullary portion of collecting duct

47)

D. Collecting duct

48)

E. Angiotensin II

49)

E. the elimination of urine

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