3) What patterns exist in terms of heroin consumption? Why do you think some of

Question

3) What patterns exist in terms of heroin consumption? Why do you think some of the countries along the trade routes are not big consumers of heroin? 4) Regionally, heroin use is highest in Europe. While heroin needs to be manufactured, opium can be used an illicit drug without the need for costly production. Given that opium use is highest in Central and Western Asia, with Iran accounting for over 40 percent of all opium consumption, how do the heroin and opium markets differ in terms of the economies of the regions? 5) In recent years, the Balkan and Northern Routes experienced a decrease in total opiate flow. This decrease caused the development of a "Southern Route," which includes other Southwest Asian countries, Africa, and Pakistan. For what reasons might cause the traditional trade routes to decrease in importance? 6) Data from the 2013 UNODC report on Afghanistan notes that opium farmers earn six times the income of wheat farmers. How is this problematic for Afghanistan and how would you propose address this issue?

Explanation / Answer

Q3).

1. Patterns

a) First pattern - This suits to people who just tried becuase their friends forced them to consume

b) Second Pattern - People who occasionally use it fall in this category and they use it for fun.

c) Third Pattern - This fits people who are addicted to it and without the substance they can't do anything.

2. Countries in the trade route

The substance is transported to a particular destination after crossing several borders. All the countries in the route may have strict rules and regulation in terms of heroin but not in releasing the cargo. At times they are smuggled to the destination, so the traces of heroine is not left in the countries enroute.

Q4)

One particular reason for this trend is that heroin should be prodeced with few processes and at the end the cost of heroin is very high as it passes through lots of hands. When it reaches the destination, the consumers are ready to pay the price demanded because most of them are from developed countries.

Opium on the other hand relatively cheaper and it doesn't undergo any production process. 40% of Iranian population use opium because the largest producer of opium is Afghanistan which is very close and this makes things easy for the smugglers to take opium into Iran and other economically poor countries. It is also because of the corrupt beauracratic system in these countries where bribing someone is very easy.

Final reason is that the health awareness that westerners have about opium as it causes few illnesses that paralyses the entire human body over a period of time.

Q5)

There are few famous ancient and modern trade routes that are still active. The problem with the existing routes is that people in the respective governments know what's going on in these routes. So they will tighten the security measures. So making new trade routes will ease the task of smuggling or transporting the substances. If this continues over a period of time, the traditional trade routes will definitely loose its importance.

Q6)

It's very natural that the farmers change their ways by comparing their income with other, infact it's not just the increased income but also the loss in their regular cultivation. Although opium production fell drastically in 2013 because of a desease that attacked the crops, it has pick up once again.

Solutions

1. Any land needs water to cultivate crops which is very scarce in Afghanistan. So the farmers will lose their crops during a draught. The government needs to make sure that the region is supplied with enough water.

2. Unemployment is another reason that might cause people to move on to illegal earning. Creating enough job opportunities will ensure that people don't turn their ways to illlegal businesses.

3. Talibans have been ruining the country so far, so the governement shuld take necessary steps to remove them from the land to ensure security measures.

4. Corruption might be another reason that makes the production and supply very easy. Government should take tough measures to handle this issue.

5. The farmers may not get good price for their produce, so the government needs to step in and make sure the products get the price that they deserve.

Thank you

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