Vo Chapter 8 Questions V8.1 1. Ther re are four (4) cognitive biases that play t
ID: 3489550 • Letter: V
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Vo Chapter 8 Questions V8.1 1. Ther re are four (4) cognitive biases that play the greatest role during the evaluation process and that may also prevent the study team from performing a thorough evaluation of the ideas. cognitive biases with the appropriate definition. Match the 1. The more vivid an image is in within our mind, the stronger influence it has on our critical thinking 2. The tendency for people to explain or describe an event by fixating of the first number or evidence that they hear. 3. People tend to estimate the probability of an event by how similar the event is to the population of events it came from and whether the events seem to be similar to the process that produced it 4. The tendency for people to seek evidence that supports rather than challenges their current beliefs A. Anchoring Heuristic: B. Availability Heuristic: C. Confirmation Heuristic: D. Representativeness Heuristic: V8.2. True or False: The key steps in the evaluation phase are: Evaluation Points, Enhance Strategies, and Select Techniques for Development V8.3. Which of the following statements (there may be more than one) are true about/associated with the Representativeness Heuristic? A. Makes the judgement based upon the description of a thing B. The Gambler's Fallacy C. Tends to estimate the probability of an event by how similar the event is to the population of events from which it came. D. Tends to estimate the probability of an event by whether the events seem to be similar to the process by which it was produced. E. All of the above F. None of the above V8.4. List and briefly describe four (4) evaluation techniques used by a value specialists to evaluate the ideas generated during the Speculation phase 2. 3.Explanation / Answer
V8.1
Cognitive biases are errors in thinking based on subjectivity, with effects from attention during an events, situations, etc. during memory processing; which in turns affects our decisions and judgments.
1: D – Representative Heuristic is one where we can easily have something related or near to the concept/ idea, etc. in cases of uncertainty. For example if one is described that there is a lady who has tattoos, is bisexual and likes traveling , people perceive her to be part of some rock band or hippie group, however indeed she might be a doctor or teacher at a school. We have developed a prototype for certain boxes ticking for a certain profession only.
2: A – Anchoring is one where we try to fit in our judgments on basis of the first available information metaphorically how an anchor attach to the first solid ground it hits to support the ship.
3: B – Availability Heuristic is one when we try to judge or decide on basis of the information we have about the concept or ideas, the easier it is to generate than other concepts.
4: C – Confirmation heuristic is one where we try to fit in what we think the concept or idea, etc should be. For example a researcher might search and report according only those results he wants to be believed as true and will work on finding those evidences only.
V8.2
False, this is so cause in the evaluation phase the first step is selecting techniques for development, after which they are evaluated and scored which are the evaluation points, and, after that enhancement strategies are used after screening the evaluation points for the analysis of the given product for better up gradation as well as required changes.
V8.3
The answer is C & D as others are
V8.4 please post question 4 seprately , cannot answer it aptly due to time constrains. Thank You.
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