Evaluation of Materials and Methods subsection Evaluate the the following Materi

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Evaluation of Materials and Methods subsection Evaluate the the following Materials and Methods subsection. It is apparent for what purpose this test was performed? Why or why not? Suggest ways to rewrite the passage.
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) Participants sorted cards according to color, shape, or number stimuli depicted on the card. Sorting the cards by color was initially verbally reinforced. After a participant responded correctly for 10 consecutive cards in that color category, the participant continued sorting by form and numbers without verbal stimuli or reinforcement. Subsequently the ratio of correct responses to errors was computed and the numbers of trials, errors, preservative responses, and preservative errors were analyzed. In the WCST (Berg, 1948), test subjects have to correctly identify, implement, and remember sorting rules. Evaluation of Materials and Methods subsection Evaluate the the following Materials and Methods subsection. It is apparent for what purpose this test was performed? Why or why not? Suggest ways to rewrite the passage.
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) Participants sorted cards according to color, shape, or number stimuli depicted on the card. Sorting the cards by color was initially verbally reinforced. After a participant responded correctly for 10 consecutive cards in that color category, the participant continued sorting by form and numbers without verbal stimuli or reinforcement. Subsequently the ratio of correct responses to errors was computed and the numbers of trials, errors, preservative responses, and preservative errors were analyzed. In the WCST (Berg, 1948), test subjects have to correctly identify, implement, and remember sorting rules. Evaluation of Materials and Methods subsection Evaluate the the following Materials and Methods subsection. It is apparent for what purpose this test was performed? Why or why not? Suggest ways to rewrite the passage.
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) Participants sorted cards according to color, shape, or number stimuli depicted on the card. Sorting the cards by color was initially verbally reinforced. After a participant responded correctly for 10 consecutive cards in that color category, the participant continued sorting by form and numbers without verbal stimuli or reinforcement. Subsequently the ratio of correct responses to errors was computed and the numbers of trials, errors, preservative responses, and preservative errors were analyzed. In the WCST (Berg, 1948), test subjects have to correctly identify, implement, and remember sorting rules.

Explanation / Answer

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test primarily designed to assess flexible processing ability (how fast one adapts to new set of rules), reasoning ability, abstract thinking. Later, it is also used to assess individual's frontal lobe dysfunction. Also, the effect of reinforcement on individual studied through this test, hence making Wisconsin Card Sorting Test a neuropsychological test.

Frontal lobe of the human brain is responsible for strategic planning, organized searching, utilizing environmental feedback to shift cognitive sets, attention, working memory. Overall, the frontal lobe represents individual's executive functioning abilities such as attention, memory, abstract thinking, analogy, etc. If damage happens to this area, there may be loss of above mentioned cognitive abilities of executive functioning.

The method of the test is make participant of this test to classify the cards provided according to different criteria set by the examiner that is color, number, and form (stimulus). There are 64 cards in the test. The criteria will be changed for every 10 cards. The reinforcement for correct arrangement done by participant will be given only for first set of classification. By this, individual's ability to work without reinforcement with degree of error-freeness can be assessed. There are some errors that are committed by participant test-taker. They are perseveration error (that is error committed while shifting to new criteria set by examiner) and nonperseveration error (this may be due to fatigue, issues with concentration, error due to lack of reinforcement, etc).

This test helps to predict individual's cognitive ability during shifting schedules of reinforcement, changing criteria of process, ability to comprehend numbers, colors, and forms as per criteria without confusion or perseveration. This test also administered to persons with mental illness such as schizophrenia as a gauge of cognitive ability and abstract thinking impairment. The test also helps in speculating individual's ability to work in shifting criteria without overlapping of rules previous set, this serves as a psychometric tool to assess degree of adaptability to new situations without overlapping.

Overall, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is helpful not only in assessing executive functioning of individual but also serves as psychometric tool to assess adaptability, attention, response to reinforcement or feedback, etc.

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