15. According to natural law theory in the Aristotelians/Thomist tradition: A. S

Question

15. According to natural law theory in the Aristotelians/Thomist tradition:

A. Sex is natural and should be engaged in whenever possible

B. Sex is tied to procreation

C. Sex is pleasurable and the goal is to maximize pleasure

D. Sex is dirty

16. A customer goes into a grocery store to buy bread. At the checkout counter, he does not bother to greet the cashier, does not look the cashier in the eye, and does not bother to say thank you. It doesn't matter anyway; the cashier was useful only as someone who helped him meet his goal of buying bread. There was no reason to be friendly to him/her. This kind of attitude and behavior on the part of the customer violates;

A. Act utilitarianism

B. Kant's second formulation of the categorical imperative.

C. Psychological egoism

D. Moral nihilism

17. A civil rights activist could make a stronger case for change in a society using the theories of ethical relativism or act utilitarianism rather than Kantianism or natural law.

A. True

B. False

18. A woman is dying of cancer and has six months to live. She wants to end her life now and wants to have her doctor help her die. Which of the following is a false statement about physician-assisted-suicide as viewed by different philosophical principles?

A. The natural law position is that life is a basic good and the physician cannot take it away.

B. The act utilitarian would not allow physician-assisted suicide even if the act maximizes the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

C. Kant would say you can't cut your life short because then you would be treating yourself as a means only to the end of a pain-free state.

D. An act utilitarian would allow physician-assisted suicide if the pleasure/pains, costs/benefits are added up and the act promotes the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

19. Which of the following is a paraphrase of Kant's first formulation of the categorical imperative?

A. Act in such a way that you always take the consequences into account.

B. Act in such a way that it makes you happy but does not hurt anyone else.

C. Act in such a way that you can have everyone else act that same way.

D. None of the above

Explanation / Answer

15.

C. Sex is pleasurable and the goal is to maximize pleasure.

16.A.

Act utilitarianism.

17.A. true

18.B. The act utilitarian would not allow physician-assisted suicide even if the act maximizes the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

19.C.

Act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.

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