10. John is considering cheating on a test and thinks it won\'t hurt anyone. He
ID: 3499074 • Letter: 1
Question
10. John is considering cheating on a test and thinks it won't hurt anyone. He thinks that if he made the action to the moral rule---"cheat on a test when it doesn't hurt anyone"--and everyone followed that rule, it would increase his happiness as well as the happiness of people in society as a whole. Therefore, he thinks he should cheat. John is reasoning like a:
A. Natural law theorist
B. Kantian
C. Act Utilitarian
D. Rule Utilitarian
11. "The pleasure one derives from studying philosophy is greater than the pleasure one derives from eating a cheeseburger." This statement is consistent with which of the following?
A. Bentham's hedonistic calculus
B. Mill's idea of higher and lower pleasures
C. Natural law
D. Kant's categorical imperative
12. Julie thinks Jack is too focused on his own needs. However, she observes this in herself, too, and has found that all people basically are most concerned with their own self-interest. She doesn't think that this is a good thing, but she has found that it is simply a fact about human beings. Julie would agree with which concept?
A. Aristotle's idea of virtue
B. Ethical Egoism
C. Psychological egoism
D. Moral Nihilism
13. Ayn Rand's objectivism is not compatible with which of the following:
A. Psychological egoism
B. Ethical egoism
C. Ethical altruism
D. Utilitarianism
14. An affirmative action program that promotes a leveling of the playing field with respect to jobs and education rather than providing restitution for past wrongs is characteristic of:
A. Backward-looking justice
B. Forward-looking justice
C. Retributive justice
D. Restorative justice
Explanation / Answer
10. Option C is correct
Explanation-Act utilitarianism beliefs that an action becomes morally right when it produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people
11. Option B is correct
Explanation-Mill states in his writings on Utilitarianism that “happiness is the sole end of human action." Mill argues that intellectual and moral pleasures (higher pleasures) are superior to more physical forms of pleasure (lower pleasures).
12. Option B is the correct Option
Explanation-Ethical egoism is the view that each of us ought to pursue our own self-interest, and no-one has any obligation to promote anyone else’s interests. It is thus a normative or prescriptive theory: it is concerned with how we ought to behave.
14. Option D is correct
Explanation-Restorative Justice is a system of criminal justice which focuses on the rehabilitation of offenders through reconciliation with victims and the community at large.
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