Question : Read each abstract and indicate which of the choices offered (descrip

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Question: Read each abstract and indicate which of the choices offered (descriptive, correlational, experimental, quasi-experimental or the abstract lacks enough information to determine) best describes the research, then explain why you think your choice is correct)

5. This study examined whether young children include eating in their cognitive scripts for various events, and whether food-related scripts are associated with body mass index (BMI) percentile. Data were collected in a structured interview format. Participants, recruited from area preschools and day cares, provided a four-activity sequence for each of three events, and responses were recorded verbatim. Forty-four children (45% female) participated, with an average BMI percentile of 73.3% (SD= 25.9). Data were binarily coded to indicate whether each response was food-related. Frequencies were obtained, and responses were correlated with BMI percentile. Over 22% of the activities in the children's scripts involved food. The number of food-related activities reported was positively correlated with children's BMI percentile (r= 0.53, p= 0.03). Results provide preliminary evidence that food features prominently in young children's event scripts and that children with higher BMI percentiles may possess scripts that feature more food-related themes. Future researchers should investigate the causal nature of this relationship. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved)

7. Many courses use games as review activities, but some previous studies have shown that games do not always improve student performance. Previous studies have also examined students’ perceptions of the review activities themselves, but it is not known how different types of review activities may influence perceptions of the course overall. The current study examined how game-show review activities compare to practice exam review activities in terms of how students perform on exams, perceive the activities, and perceive the course overall.  The study compared grades and course evaluations in 2 sections of an experimental psychology course to examine what effect review games have on student performance and perceptions of the course. In 1 section, students reviewed for exams by answering sample test questions during class. In the other section, students reviewed for exams by answering the same sample test questions during class, but in a game-show format. Students’ evaluations of the course and grades between the 2 sections were compared. Course evaluations were found to be significantly higher in the section that used game-show activities to review for exams, although grades did not differ between the 2 sections.

8. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational study, this study investigated the efficacy of donepezil treatment on activities of daily living (ADLs) and social functioning in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the possible benefits of this treatment on caregiving time and stress levels. Patients resided in the community or in assisted living facilities who did not require skilled 24-hour nursing care. Two hundred ninety patients with moderate to severe AD participated. Treatment was Donepezil or placebo for 24 weeks. ADLs were assessed using the Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD), the modified instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale (IADL+), and the modified Physical Self Maintenance Scale (PSMS +). Caregivers were evaluated for their levels of caregiver stress with a modified, multiple-item Caregiver Stress Scale (CSS). IADL+ and PSMS+ mean change from baseline scores for donepezil-treated patients showed a slower decline during the study than placebo-treated patients. Caregivers of donepezil-treated patients reported spending less time assisting with ADLs than caregivers of placebo-treated patients. Donepezil demonstrated a significantly slower decline than placebo in instrumental and basic ADLs.

Explanation / Answer

5. Correlational Research. This research studies the statistical relationship between two variables. It’s not an experimental research because there is no control group. This study examines whether young children include eating in their cognitive scripts for various events, and whether food-related scripts are associated with body mass index (BMI) percentile.

6. Experimental Research. This research has two sets of students, one as the control group and the other as the experimental group. The results are then compared to see whether the assumption works or not in terms of game show format.   

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