Discuss stem cell research, addressing the following items: List the sources of

Question

Discuss stem cell research, addressing the following items:
List the sources of stem cells (at least four). Explain which sources have been used successfully. Describe the scientific research related to the use of stem cells. 2. Define the following:
stem cell pluripotent embryonic stem cell adult stem cell 3. Additionally, a new source of pluripotent stem cells was reported in the fall of 2006. This source is not given in the list above; if you are able to identify the source, please discuss this as well. Be sure to cite all sources (online and print) using a reference page. Discuss stem cell research, addressing the following items:
List the sources of stem cells (at least four). Explain which sources have been used successfully. Describe the scientific research related to the use of stem cells. 2. Define the following:
stem cell pluripotent embryonic stem cell adult stem cell 3. Additionally, a new source of pluripotent stem cells was reported in the fall of 2006. This source is not given in the list above; if you are able to identify the source, please discuss this as well. Be sure to cite all sources (online and print) using a reference page. Discuss stem cell research, addressing the following items:
List the sources of stem cells (at least four). Explain which sources have been used successfully. Describe the scientific research related to the use of stem cells. 2. Define the following:
stem cell pluripotent embryonic stem cell adult stem cell 3. Additionally, a new source of pluripotent stem cells was reported in the fall of 2006. This source is not given in the list above; if you are able to identify the source, please discuss this as well. Be sure to cite all sources (online and print) using a reference page.

Explanation / Answer

Stem cells are a class of undifferentiated cells that are able to differentiate into specialized cell types. Commonly, stem cells come from two main sources:

For eg: bone marrow, blood, skin , teeth and placental tissues

The Placenta (Chorion + Decidua), Amniotic Sac and Amniotic Fluid are the best sources of stem cells

Stem cells obtained from the Placenta, Amniotic Sac and Amniotic Fluid are Pluripotent - this means they have the properties of Hematopoietic and Mesenchymal cells, and the ability to give rise to ANY tissue, organ or cellThey have the highest count and multiply almost 10 times faster when compared to ANY other source. They also have the capability for treating the maximum number of disorders - far more than all other sources put together.

Every cell in the body is derived from first few stem cells formed in the early stages of embryological development. Therefore, stem cells extracted from embryos can be induced to become any desired cell type. This property makes stem cells powerful enough to regenerate damaged tissue under the right conditions. Tissue regeneration is probably the most important possible application of stem cell research. Currently, organs must be donated and transplanted, but the demand for organs far exceeds supply. Stem cells could potentially be used to grow a particular type of tissue or organ if directed to differentiate in a certain way. Stem cells that lie just beneath the skin, for example, have been used to engineer new skin tissue that can be grafted on to burn victims.

2.

Stem cell- Stem cells are a class of undifferentiated cells that are able to differentiate into specialized cell types. Or simply put, a stem cell is a type of cell that can produce other cells which are able to develop into any kind of cell in the body.

Pluripotent- Pluripotent stem cells are able to grow (i.e. differentiate) into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm, meaning they have the potential to differentiate into specialized cells in the body but they can't develop into a complete organism.

Embryonic stem cell- Embryonic stem cells are stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of a human embryo. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent. Embryonic stem cells are derived from a four- or five-day-old human embryo that is in the blastocyst phase of development. The embryos are usually extras that have been created in IVF (in vitro fertilization) clinics where several eggs are fertilized in a test tube, but only one is implanted into a woman.

Adult stem cell- Adult or somatic stem cells exist throughout the body after embryonic development and are found inside of different types of tissue. These stem cells have been found in tissues such as the brain, bone marrow, blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscles, skin, and the liver

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