Chap. 7: Behavioral Learning Al Introduction: 1. Definition of learning. 2. Type

Question

Chap. 7: Behavioral Learning Al Introduction: 1. Definition of learning. 2. Types Instinctive, Maturation, Experience Bl Classical Conditioning IC.C.] 1.A Typical C.C Experiment by Pavlov 2. Principles of CC. Stimulus Generalization. Stimulus Discrimination. Extinction. Spontaneous Recovery 3. Conditioned Emotional Reactions-The case of Little Albert. 4. Applications Accounting for Taste. *Accounting for smell Accounting for phobias *Accounting for Traits in People. Cl Operant Conditioning [O.C.]: 1. Thorndike's Law of Effect. 2. B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning. 3. Reinforcement. 4. Punishment. 5. Shaping 6. Behavior Modification 7. Punishment. DI Observational Learning: Albert Bandura 1. Imitating the actions of others. 2. Applications of Observational Learning. Assignment Q.1. Systematically explain the process and principles of Classical conditioning.

Explanation / Answer

1.Definition of learning:

The process of understanding something by using our existed knowledge and our observation is called learning.This learning process divided into two processes.

1.Classical conditioning

2.Operant conditioning

2.Types:

a.Instinctive:

Basically we are all have common sense. That is our instinctive nature. Things learned by using this common sense comes under Instinctive.

b.Maturation:

Till 7 years children will face egocentric problem that they will fail at understanding about others perspective.After that they overcome this egocentric problem. The process of overcoming this egocentric called Maturation. After maturation we learn things rapidly.

c.Experience:

The process of exposed to physical stimuli is called experience. By experience we can learn things accurately.

3.A Typical Classical conditioning experiment by pavlov:

Ivan pavlov did an experiment on dog. It is most famous experiment.

Classical conditioning:

classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.

1.Ivan pavlov rangs bell. Dog will comes towards bell.

2.He gives food for dog. Dog excites and eat the food

3.He continued this 15 days.

4.Last day he rang the bell. Dog came.

5.Eventhough there is no food,Dog exciting by hearing bell.

Here Bell is environmental stimulus.Dog excitement is naturally occured stimulus. Pavlov established relation between these 2 types of stimulus.

4.Principles of Classical conditioning:

Stimulus generalization:

It is the tendency to give unconditioned response for same type of condition stimuli. If a boy feel fear about dog. He also fear about toy dog.

Stimulus discrimination:

It is the ability to recognize the difference in between a conditioned stimuli and other stimuli

Extinction:

Gradual decrease of conditioned response. If Pavlov didn't give the food after ranging the bell respective days. Then relation between bell and dog decreases slowly day by day

Spontaneous recovery:

reappearance of the conditioned response after a rest period by seeing conditioned stimuli.

@ I supposed to answer first 4 subparts only. Please post rest of questions as some other questions@

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