please answer this one 4.6 CLINICAL QUESTIONS. is admitted to the hospital for s
ID: 3504859 • Letter: P
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please answer this one
4.6 CLINICAL QUESTIONS. is admitted to the hospital for surgical removal of a tumor on her thyroid gland. The surgeon informs her that she will have only a very thin scar. How could this be possible? 2) John, a 72-year-old grandfather, had been smoking heavily for 24 years and had a persistent cough. A biopsy of his lung tissue revealed considerable amounts of carbon particles. How could this happen considering the natural cleaning mechanism of the respiratory system? 3) Aunt Jessie woke up one morning with excruciating pain in her chest. She had trouble breathing for several weeks. Following a visit to the doctor, she was told she had pleurisy What is this condition and what did it affect? 4) In adult humans, most cancers are carcinomas or adenocarcinomas. These include cancers of the skin, lung. colon, breast, and prostate. Which of the four basic tissue types is involved? Why do you think this is so? 5) Explain why an open wound would need a bed of granulation tissue for wound healing 6) Without macrophages, wound healing is delayed. Why? 7) A 6-year-old child fell off his bike and scraped his knee. Describe the first stage of wound healing. 8) Explain why an infection may occur in a tissue injury.Explanation / Answer
1) thyroid glands are mainly removed by a single incision in lower crease of neck.
This incision which is made act as injury,followed which processes of wound healing starts and when the wound is healed,at last scar is formed which is composed of connective tissues manly cross linked collagen fibres.
So only a single line incision is made,which is small for which small granulation tissue will be needed.
Therefore,less granulation tissue ,less scarring.
It contracts and forms a very thin line.
2) John's grandfather is a chronic smoker.We know that,smoking reduces the movement of cilia and also,the gas present in the smoke is more adsorbed in the alveoli as it is transported to the alveoli at a greater extent.
These two conditions favours the fact that,smoke particles are easily adsorbed on the alveoli and gets deposited,also despite of the present of natural cleaning mechanism,these carbon particles are not cleared of respiratory tract due to decreased ciliary action.
3) Pluerisy is a condition affecting lungs.
Pleurisy also called as pleuritis is the inflammation of pleura which lines lungs ( visceral pleura) and inner of the chest (parietal pleura).
It causes severe chest pain due to friction caused by rubbing of lungs against chest wall which worsens during breathing.
4) It is the epithelium.
Epithelium is most exposed part of human body also it is under constant division.
It exposure causes it to be most damaged part by radiations,chemicals and etc.
5) Granulation tissue consists of connective tissue and blood vessels or capillary bed.
It is the granulation tissues which provides nutrition(through blood) for healing of wound.
6) macrophages are the main phagocytic cells in the body which gets body rid off microorganisms,dead cells and other environmental elements and helps in clearing the area of injury and providing rapid healing.
7) The first phase of wound healing is inflammatory phase.
Ot is a natural response to any injury which is characterised by redness,swelling ,increased localised temperature etc.
This is due to vasoconstriction of blood vessels supplying that area which reduces blood loss,also the injured cells releases various inflammatory factors which helps in increased permeability of vessels and allow chemotaxis.
7) tissue injury to the skin of any part causes wound.Now skin is the major defense organ of the body and microorganisms can easily penetrate the broken skin.Infection to these wounds may cause infection in the body.
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