LAB 4 Saved to OneDrive Ohny Clen out References Mailings Review View Help Soda

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LAB 4 Saved to OneDrive Ohny Clen out References Mailings Review View Help Soda PDF 10 Creator 111 Chart cons 3D Models aScreenshot aSmartArt llustrations Link Header Store o OnlmeBookmark Comment My Add-ins Wikipedia Online Text Video Cross-reference Page Number Comments Header & Footer Add-ins Media Links Text QUESTIONS FOR LAB REPORT 4 (TURN IN THE ANSWER TYPED, ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER) 1. For the experiment of diffusion through a gel: a. A tennis ball has a radius of 50 mm. Assume glucose diffuses at a rate of 0.14 mm/min. How long would it take for glucose to diffuse to the center of the ball? b. How long would it take for a molecule of O, which is 1/6t of the molecular weight (size) of glucose? A typical cell has a radius of Sum (0,005 mm). How long would it take for glucose to diffuse to the center of the cell? Why can't individual cells be a large as tennis table? Diffusion becomes inefficient over large distances. The surface area to volume ratio works against it. For example, a cell with twice the surface area has 8 times the volume, meaning four times as much material has to get through the plasma membrane than in normal size cell. And, each cell has only a certain amount of DNA and DNA is used in creating a proteins c. d. that form and repair the cell. So, if there is not enough DNA, there cannot be enough protein made. 2. For the experiment with dialysisuhing

Explanation / Answer

Answer 5) Cholera is an infectious disease caused by bacteria Vibrio cholerae. It results into severe diarrhea and water loss, and dehydration. In the small intestine fluids from cell of intestine enter into intestinal space to maintain the isotonicity with blood. This fluid contains large amount of sodium (Na) which is reabsorbed back and Na levels in the body are not significantly changed, important for organ function as well nerves function.

In case of cholera, when the bacteria reach intestine they multiply and on reaching the intestinal wall, V. cholerae start producing the toxic proteins that give the infected person a watery diarrhea. Once inside the cell, the cholera toxin, results in constitutive cAMP production, which in turn leads to the secretion of water, sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate into the lumen of the small intestine and rapid dehydration.

Cholera bacteria turn on the protein production of the toxins that along with host cell of mechanism increase the pump of chloride ions into the small intestine, that leads to ionic and prevents sodium ions from entering the cell. These creates a salt-water environment in the small intestines, which through osmosis pull water through the intestinal cells, and leads to huge watery diarrhea.

So a Hypotonic solution (dilute salt water solution) is useful in treatment. Because this hypotonic solution can reverse the excretion of sodium into reabsorption of sodium.

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