a) What are the angular positions of the knee joint and hip joint during heel st

Question

a) What are the angular positions of the knee joint and hip joint during heel strike of walking? A. knee extension angle and hip extension angle B. knee extension angle and hip flexion angle C. knee flexion angle and hip extension angle D. knee flexion angle and hip flexion angle

b) What are the primary angular movements of the ankle joint and hip joint during the first half of the walking stance phase? A. ankle dorsiflexion angular velocity and hip extension angular velocity B. ankle dorsiflexion angular velocity and hip flexion angular velocity C. ankle plantarflexion angular velocity and hip extension angular velocity D. ankle plantarflexion angular velocity and hip flexion angular velocity

c) What are the angular positions of the ankle joint and knee joint at midstance during walking? A. ankle dorsiflexion angle and knee extension angle B. ankle dorsiflexion angle and knee flexion angle C. ankle plantarflexion angle and knee extension angle D. ankle plantarflexion angle and knee flexion angle

d) What are the primary angular movements of the ankle joint and knee joint during the late stance phase of walking? A. ankle dorsiflexion angular velocity and knee extension angular velocity B. ankle dorsiflexion angular velocity and knee flexion angular velocity C. ankle plantarflexion angular velocity and knee extension angular velocity D.ankle plantarflexion angular velocity and knee flexion angular velocity

e) What are the angular positions of the ankle joint and knee joint during toe off of walking? A. ankle dorsiflexion angle and knee extension angle B. ankle dorsiflexion angle and knee flexion angle C. ankle plantarflexion angle and knee extension angle D. ankle plantarflexion angle and knee flexion angle

Explanation / Answer

a) The answer is B . At the heel strike of walking, knee is extended and hip is flexed and this gives support and stabilize spine and pelvis as in heel strike weight shifts from leg to leg below.

b) The answer is B. During the first half of stance phase, initial floor contact causes hip flexion. Ankle , which was in dorsiflexion , first it goes neutral and then goes for plantarflexion cause foot has to prepare for toe off phase.

c) The answer is a). The ankle is in dorsiflexion due to tibial restraints and the knee joint is in extension as body vector moves anterior to the joint center.

d) The answer is D. At the terminal or late stance , the ankle drops into a 10 degree dorsiflexion and reverses to reach 5 degree of plantarflexion in the phase. Stability is achieved by triceps surae. At the end of the stance phase, body weight starts to fall rapidly toward other limb and the body vector remains at the margin of metatarsophalangeal support and the knee flexes.

e) The answer is D. During toe off or propulsion phase, knee flexes due to hamstring muscle and the plantar flexors and toe flexors help in ankle plantarflexion.

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