BIO 201: Case Study Writing Assignment #1 NAME: Read through these case studies
ID: 3507761 • Letter: B
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BIO 201: Case Study Writing Assignment #1 NAME: Read through these case studies and answer the questions at the end of the case study. The entire case study is worth 15 points assignment Notes about writing assignment All answers should be in complete sentences unless otherwise indicated. Although complete sentences are required, these should be SHORT answer sentences. No paragraphs are needed. Points will be deducted if proper sentence structure is not used. You should be restating the question within your answer. Be thorough in your description, but do not give more information than asked in the question. All answers should be PARAPHRASED. Any direct plagiarism of any source (including text, powerpoints, and lab manual) of 5 or more words will automatically receive a ZERO. Canvas requires you to turn in a 'doc·.docx, .rtf form. Do NOT wait until the last minute to upload. Any issues with the site and turning in requires a SCREEN SHOT of the issue with the paper sent to the instructor's email as soon as possible 1. 2. 3· You are REQUIRED to CITE all your answers, including La Information. If you use ANY other source, a full html website needs to be supplied. Even one second past the deadline of will result in automatic SO% reduction of score. No writing assignments will be accepted after 4. b Manual Information and Textbook 5. hief Complaint: 68-year-old man with a cough and dyspnea ("shortness of breath") for the past week. History: Daniel McDonald, a 68-year-old white male with a 40-pack-year smokin chronic bronchitis for which he had been on antibiotics for several months. Two weeks ago, he b up a bloody sputum ("hemoptysis"). In the past week he's become increasingly short of breath. A routine chest X-ray revealed two silver dollar-sized opacities on the right side of the carina. Bronchoscopic examination ed a tumor that was nearly occluding the right mainstem bronchus. A bronchial biopsy revealed the diagnosis: bronchogenic carcinoma. 1. Define the terms and describe where in the body each term is a bronchogenic carcinoma, b. he opacities, d carina moptysis, c a. bronchogenic carcinoma: b. hemoptysis: c. opacities: d. carina: 2. Most cancers arise from epithelial tissue. Why do you suppose this is?Explanation / Answer
1. a) Bronchogenic carcinoma : A number of benign and malignant tumours occur in the lungs but the primary lung cancer,commnly termed bronchogenic carcinoma.It is the most common(95% of all primary) lung tumours.The lung is also the commonest site for metastasis from carcinomas and sarcomas.The term bronchogenic carcinoma is commonly used for cancer of the lung which includes carcinomas arising from respiratory epithelium lining the bronchi,bronchioles and alveoli.
b) Hemoptysis: It is the coughing of blood or blood stained mucous frm larynx,trachea,bronchi or lungs.This can occur due to tuberculsis,lung cancers,bronchitis,pneumonia etc.
c) Opacities: The quality or state of a body that makes it impervious to the rays of light.The relative capacity of matter obstruct by the absorption ofr reflection the transmission of radiant energy.eg.x rays,infrared etc.
d) Carina: The carina is found at the base of the trachea and it is formed as the main bronchi divide into right and left branches.It is usually placed at the t4 plane at the level of sternal angle..
2. About 90% of human cancers arises in epithelial tissues.Certain organs like intestine,skin,the epithelial layers renew continously throughout the life.By renewing the tissues the cancers rises sharply with age.childhood cancers concentrate in tissues that divide rapidly early in life but relatively little later in life.
90% of cancers arises as carcinomas in epithelial tissues.The epithelium may be external surface of an organ or internal surface of bladder,prostate,breast etc.
3. The bronchial epithelium is a complex structure contains goblet,ciliated and basal cells.In biopsies bronchial epithelium appears fragile.The mechanism underlying the fragility of epithelium in asthma is because of the plasma exudation may facilitate the detachement of the epithelium from the submucosa.A direct effect of proinflammatory mediators such as metalloproteinases or tumor necrosis factor can induce cell death by necrosis...
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