BIO 201: Case Study Writing Assignment #1 NAME: Directions: Read through these c
ID: 3507726 • Letter: B
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BIO 201: Case Study Writing Assignment #1 NAME: Directions: Read through these case studies study is worth 15 points assignment. and answer the questions at the end of the case study. The entire case Notes about writing assignment 1. All answers should be in complete sentences unless otherwise indicated. Although complete sentences are required, these should be SHORT answer sentences. No paragraphs are needed. Points will be deducted if proper sentence structure is not used. You should be restating the question within your answer. Be thorough in your description, but do not give more information than asked in the question. 2. All answers should be PARAPHRASED. Any direct plagiarism of any source (including text, 3. Canvas requires you to turn in a .doc, docx, .rtf form. Do NOT wait until the last minute to upload. 4. You are REQUIRED to CITE all your answers, including Lab Manual Information and Textboolk 5. Even one second past the deadline of will result in automatic 50% reduction of score. No writing powerpoints, and lab manual) of S or more words will automatically receive a ZERO. Any issues with the site and turning in requires a SCREEN SHOT of the issue with the paper sent to the instructor's email as soon as possible. Information. If you use ANY other source, a full html website needs to be supplied. assignments will be accepted after Case Study A. Epithelial Tissue and Cancer: Chief Complaint: 68-year-old man with a cough and dyspnea ("shortness of breath") for the past week. History: Daniel McDonald, a 68-year-old white male with a 40-pack-year smoking history suffered from chronic bronchitis for which he had been on antibiotics for several months. Two weeks ago, he began coughing up a bloody sputum ("hemoptysis"). In the past week he's become increasingly short of breath. A routine chest X-ray revealed two silver dollar-sized opacities on the right side of the carina Bronchoscopic examination revealed a tumor that was nearly occluding the right mainstem bronchus. A bronchial biopsy revealed the diagnosis: bronchogenic carcinoma s a. bronchogenic carcinoma, b. hemoptysis, c. 1. Define the terms and describe where in the body each term is a bronchogenie carcinoma, b hemoptysis, c opacities,d. carina a. bronchogenic carcinoma: b. hemoptysis: c. opacities: d· carina: 2. Most cancers arise from epithelial tissue. Why do you suppose this is?Explanation / Answer
1.a) Bronchogenic carcinoma- It is a malignant neoplasm of lung arising from epithelium of bronchus or bronchiole.
b)Hemoptysis-It can occur with lung cancers,tuberculosis,brochitis ,pneumonia etc.Hemoptysis is coughing up of blood stained mucus or blood.
c).Opacities-repsresents the results of a decrease in ratio of gas to soft tissuein the lung.
d)Carina-It is a ridge at the base of the windpipe that separates the left and right bronchi(point of bifurcation of trachea).
2.Epithelial tissues are at higher risk.Reasons are- they undergo shedding and constant repairing.During replication and repair there are chances of mutation in cell,thus building up genetic abberation.
Also,they are protective in function thus are exposed to vast amount of carcinogens which causes mutatiom in the cell.
3.There are 3 lobar bronchi on right side and 2 lobar bronchi on left side.The lobar bronchi allow passage of air from the outside into the lung.They have firm cartilaginous walls(provide mechanical support) and are lined by Columnar ciliated epithelium with abundant subepithelial glands(produce mucus).They further divide into smaller airways and finally into bronchioles.Bronchioles lack cartilaginous walls and submucosal glands.
4.Inhalants (cigarette smoking,air pollutants etc) are responsible for inducing chronic bronchitis,they cause cellular damage which elicits both acute and chronic inflammatory responses involving neutrophils,macrophages and lymphocytes.This causes inflammation of small airways(brochi and bronchioles) and leads to chronic airway obstruction.
It also damages airway lining cells and interferes with the ciliary action of the epithelium and thus preventing clearance of mucus and increasing risk of infection.
5.Symptoms of
a) Dyspnea- shortness of breath,light headedness.nausea,chest pain,feeling of smothering and drowning etc.
b) Hemoptysis- Fever,sputum production,chest pain,dyspnea,leg pain and leg swelling,hematuria,weight loss etc.
Since the patient is suffering from chronic bronchitis and cancer.he may show this symptoms.
6.Cancer cells are mutated cells.The central tumors may grow as fingerlike or spherical masses which commonly project into the lumen of bronchus and are usually covered by mucosa.peripheral tumors are solid and nodular.
The tumor cells have small,rounded,uniform nuclei and moderate amount of cytoplasm.
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