SECTION DATE NAME UNIT QUIZ: Critical Thinking and Application Questions 1 Mitoc
ID: 3508436 • Letter: S
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SECTION DATE NAME UNIT QUIZ: Critical Thinking and Application Questions 1 Mitochondria contain their own DNA, which encodes 13 proteins. Defects on the mitochondrial DNA can be passed down maternally, causing a group of diseases called mitochondrial cytopathies. Explain which cell populations you think would be most affected by such diseases. 2 Another group of diseases that affect a specific organelle are the lysosomal storage diseases. What potential problems could be caused by defective lysosomes? 3 Which cell type did you observe that lacks a nucleus? What functions would this cell be unable to carry out? 4 Two drugs are injected into the same thigh muscle. Drug A is body temperature (37°C) and has a molecular weight of 150 g/mol. Drug B has been in the refrigerator (5°C) and has a molecular weight of 600 g/mol. Predict which drug will diffuse into the blood more rapidly. Explain your reasoning.Explanation / Answer
1.Mitochondrial Cytopathies
Mitochondria are called the powerhouse of a cell. The glucose taken up by the cells after undergoing glycolysis undergoes a series of reactions and the reduced equivalents enter the electron transport chain of mitochondria to produce ATP'S which are high energy phosphate compounds used for all sorts of metabolic activities The process known as cellular respiration.
Another important feature of mitochondria is that it carries its own genetic material. This genetic material can only be carried on to the next generation through the maternal line, and thus any mitochondrial mutation can be inherited only if the mother is affected and not the father.
Since mitochondria deal with cellular respiration and ATP generation, tissues which require an abundant and continuous supply of ATP such as the skeletal muscle, the brain and nervous system and the heart muscles are affected.This group of disorders is called mitochondrial cytopathies.
Symptoms of the disease can range from breathing difficulties, fatigue, numbness,seizures etc can happen. The patient can also be mentally deficient.
Example of mitochondrial inheritance is the eye disease, Leigh's hereditary optic atrophy.
2.Lysosomal Defects
Lysosomes are known as the suicide bags of the cell.Their primary function being digestion of large molecules as well as disposal of unwanted metabolites or waste products that are formed within a cell.They possess several enzymes for this function.
So, any defect of these enzymes can lead to an accumulation of that particular substance within the cell which could be fatal to the cell. These could be an accumulation of excess glycogen, lipid or mucopolysaccharide.
some examples of lysosomal storage diseases are:
Gaucher's disease, Neimann pick disease, fabry disease,Tay sach's disease etc.
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