There are multiple ways that particles may cross cellular membrane or travel thr

Question

There are multiple ways that particles may cross cellular membrane or travel throughout a cell. Discuss the salient features of passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport with this particular neuron. Make sure to include the in your explanation: What substances pass? With the concentration or against? Where this occurs on the neuron? And see additional following gradient information for facilitated diffusion and active transport. (8pts) Passive Diffusion: Facilitated Diffusion (provide all channels found on a neuron for full credit) Active transport (provide 2 examples of active transport in a neuron for full credit)

Explanation / Answer

Facilitated diffusion involves the passive movement of molecules across the cell membrane mediated by channel or carrier protein. The axons of nerve cells transmit electrical impulses by translocating ions to create a voltage difference across the membrane.

The Na K+ pump expels Na ions from the nerve cell, while K+ ions are accumulated within. When the neurons fires, these ions swap locations via facilitated diffusion via sodium and potassium channels.

Active transport uses energy to move molecules against a concentration gradient. It involves the use of carrier proteins.

K Cl transporter is a neuron-specific chloride potassium symporter responsible for establishing the chloride ion gradient in neurons through the maintenance of ow intracellular chloride concentrations.

Steps in an Action Potential-

1. At rest, the outside of the membrane is more positive than the inside.

2. Na moves inside the cell causing an action potential, the influx of positive Na ions makes the inside of the membrane more positive than the outside.

3. K+ ions flow out of the cell, restoring the resting potential net charges.

4. Na ions are pumped out of the cell and K+ ions the cell, restoring the original distribution of ions.

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