Essential Cardiovascular Calculations This problem set is designed to take you t

Question

Essential Cardiovascular Calculations This problem set is designed to take you through important basie involving the cardiovascular system. Use the information answer the questions. Part of the challenge in answ deciding which information you need in order to provided in Table 1-1 to ering these questions will be in Good luck! Table 1-1 Parameter Cardiovascular Values Value Systolic pressure (aorta) Diastolic pressure (aorta) R-R interval Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV) Left ventricular end-systolic volume (ESV) Mean pulmonary artery pressure Right atrial pressure Left atrial pressure 124 mmHg 82 mmHg 800 msec 140 ml 70 ml 15 mmHg 2 mmHg 5 mmHg 1. Mean arterial pressure is not the simple average of systolic and diastolic pressures. Why not? How is mean arterial pressure estimated? From the information given in Table 1-1, calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in this case. (To calculate MAP, please see lecture 9, slide 28.) How is this changed during exercise? 2. Calculate the stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and ejection fraction EF) of the left ventricle. Ejection fraction is the fraction of blood that is ejected from the left ventricle in relation to the total volume of blood delivered to the left ventricle before ejection. (EF ?/?, and HR beats/min) 3.What is the definition of total peripheral resistance (TPR)? What equation describes the relationship between TPR, arterial pressure, and cardiac output? What is the value of TPR in this case? 4. How is pulmonary vascular resistance calculated? What is the value of pulmonary vascular resistance in this case? Compare the calculated values for pulmonary vascular resistance and TPR, and explain any differences in the two values. 5. What is the total blood flow (in mL/min) through all of the pulmonary capillaries? 6. What is the total blood flow (in mL/min) through all of the systemic arteries?

Explanation / Answer

1. The mean arterial pressure is calculated as follows-

MAP = [ (2 x diastolic) + systolic ] / 3

The diastolic value is multiplied by 2. The reason why this is done is because the diastolic part of the cardiac cycle is twice the systolic portion.

Hence, MAP = [ (2 x82) + 124] / 3

=[ 164 + 124]/ 3

= 288/3

=96

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