Question 12 In the absence of sufficient iodine in the diet, the [ Select ] [\"p

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Question 12

In the absence of sufficient iodine in the diet, the                            [ Select ]                       ["pancreas", "thyroid", "pituitary"]         cannot produce sufficient                            [ Select ]                       ["prolactin", "thyroxine", "insulin"]         and this causes increased levels of                           [ Select ]                       ["ACTH", "TSH", "cAMP"]         and an abnormal growth in the neck called a "goiter".

Question 13

Hormone-response elements of DNA, such as that of                            [ Select ]                       ["oxytocin", "progesterone", "testosterone"]         consist of two half-sites, each                            [ Select ]                       ["12", "18", "6"]         nucleotides in length, separated by a                           [ Select ]                       ["6", "3", "9"]          nucleotide spacer. Binding of hormone receptor units stimulates                            [ Select ]                       ["transcription", "reverse transcription", "translation"]         .

Question 14

Regulatory hormones such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone are secreted by                           [ Select ]                       ["spinal cord", "neural", "epithelial"]         cells of the                            [ Select ]                       ["hypothalamus", "pituitary", "medulla oblongata"]         and stimulate secretion of specific hormones such as LH and FSH from the                             [ Select ]                       ["parathyroid", "anterior pituitary", "pineal gland"]         .

Question 15

The hormone                            [ Select ]                       ["T4", "testosterone", "insulin"]         binds to a cell-surface receptor, which then dimerizes and causes phosphorylation on the                            [ Select ]                       ["cytoplasmic", "extracellular soluble", "cell surface"]         face of the receptor and activation of a                            [ Select ]                       ["tyrosine kinase", "tyrosine phosphatase", "insulin glycosidase"]         activity.

Question 16

The hormones estrogen, prolactin, cortisol, and oxytocin all promote different aspects of                           [ Select ]                       ["mammary", "hippocampal", "pineal"]         gland development, and their effects are best described as                           [ Select ]                       ["agonistic", "antagonistic", "synergistic"]

Question 17

Lactation is prevented during pregnancy by the                            [ Select ]                       ["antagonistic", "agonistic"]         effects of                           [ Select ]                       ["testosterone", "progesterone", "estrogen"]         in the blood.

Question 18

The hormone                            [ Select ]                       ["testosterone", "T4", "melatonin"]         is secreted by the                            [ Select ]                       ["pineal gland", "hypothalamus", "parathyroid"]       and has a role in regulating                            [ Select ]                       ["metabolism", "circadian rhythms", "heartbeat"]         .

Explanation / Answer

Q12. In the absence of sufficient iodine in the diet, the "thyroid"    cannot produce sufficient   "thyroxine" and this causes increased levels of   "TSH" and an abnormal growth in the neck called a "goiter".

Q13. Hormone-response elements of DNA, such as that of "progesterone", consist of two half-sites, each "6" nucleotides in length, separated by a "3" nucleotide spacer. Binding of hormone receptor units stimulates "transcription",

Q14. Regulatory hormones such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone are secreted by "neural" cells of the            "hypothalamus" and stimulate secretion of specific hormones such as LH and FSH from the                             "anterior pituitary",

Q15. The hormone   "insulin" binds to a cell-surface receptor, which then dimerizes and causes phosphorylation on the "cytoplasmic" face of the receptor and activation of a "tyrosine kinase" activity.

Q16. The hormones estrogen, prolactin, cortisol, and oxytocin all promote different aspects of "mammary",   gland development, and their effects are best described as   "synergistic" .

Q17. Lactation is prevented during pregnancy by the "antagonistic", effects of "progesterone", in the blood.

Q18 The hormone "melatonin" is secreted by the "pineal gland" and has a role in regulating   "circadian rhythms".

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