Congestive heart failure occurs when the left ventricle fails to pump blood adeq

Question

Congestive heart failure occurs when the left ventricle fails to pump blood adequately through the systemic circuit, causing backup of blood into the pulmonary circuit. The resultant increased pulmonary blood pressure causes pulmonary edema. a. By what type of transmembrane trafficking do oxygen and carbon dioxide cross membranes?

b. How does fluid in the lungs affect the amount of oxygen in the blood? Your answer should reflect the way edema influences the ability of oxygen to cross membranes.

c. How does fluid in the lungs affect the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood? Your answer should reflect the way edema influences the ability of carbon dioxide to cross membranes.

d. What effect would congestive heart failure have on levels of erythropoietin in the blood? Your answer should reflect the stimulus for EPO secretion.

e. How would congestive heart failure affect the pH of the blood? Your answer should demonstrate that you know the relationship between plasma CO2 levels and pH

Explanation / Answer

A) simple diffusion - because they travel along the concentration gradient.

B). It Decreases - in pulmonary edema there is accumulation of fluid in alveoli (transeduate which is ultrafiltrate of plasma haveing same composition as plasma except protein). This fluid interfere with diffusion of gas across alveoli thus oxygenation of blood will decrease.

C). It Increase - as CO2 will not be able to difuse back in alveoli so it will accumulate in blood.

D). It will increase - as blood oxygenation is reduced therefore the tissue oxygenation is also reduced and causes hypoxia. This stimulate synthesis of erythopioetin by kidney so more RBC are synthesised.

E) It will decrease - as there is accumulation of CO2 in blood therefore it will lead to Respiratory acidosis.

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