Please print out the case study and hand write you answers on the sheets. Emaile

Question

Please print out the case study and hand write you answers on the sheets. Emailed or typed case studies will NOT be accepted. You may work in groups but you CANNOT turn in identical papers. BIOL 2402 CASE STUDY 2 Name Group Period (Sectiorn) Martinez is a 19-year-old sophomore majoring in pre-medicine at the University of Arizona. In the past few weeks leading up to final exams, Allison has felt unusually tired despite receiving an adequate amount of sleep at night. She also has had frequent headaches, and has experienced times when her heart 'felt like it was missing a beat. She has noticed lightheadness and blurred vision at times. Friends sometimes comment that she looks "pale and tired: Yesterday at lunch, Sofia fainted while waiting in line in the cafeteria. Initially, she attributed this episode to being unusually tired and hungry, but later in the day she fainted again while waiting to mail a package at the Post Office. Both times she collapsed to the floor but recovered spontaneously. When Sofia informed her mother about what had happened that day, her mother immediately scheduled an appointment for Sofia to see the family physician.

Explanation / Answer

Ans. 1

Common causes of fainting pertaining to Sofia's situation:

Atrial fibrillation: It is a irregular, rapid heart rate which causes poor blood flow. Atrial fibrillation leads to palpitations(skipped beats), dizziness, fainting, confusion, etc.

Ventricular fibrillation: causes fainting.

Supraventricular tachycardia: It leads to faster heart rhythm causing palpitations, fainting.

Atrial flutter: Rapid heart rhythm with irregular beats, causes palpitations, dizziness.

Anaemia: Less haemoglobin causes anaemia. Symptoms are getting tired, looking pale, dizziness, headache, fainting.

Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar. It causes lightheadedness, hunger, dizziness.

Hypotension: Low blood pressure. It causes lightheadedness, dizziness.

Aortic stenosis: It is narrowing of aorta. It causes shortness of breath, dizziness.

Hyperventilation: It is rapid or shallow breathing. Symptoms are dizziness, lightheadedness, palpitations, etc.

Ans.2.

Blood sugar after fasting is done to measure the blood sugar level, low blood sugar level will indicate hypoglycemia, which will cause dizziness, fainting, lightheadedness, hunger etc. But in this case blood sugar is normal hence Sofia is not hypoglycemic.

Heme test: It is done to see presence of heme in faeces. If heme is present in faeces then it indicates breakdown of hemoglobin which may lead to anemia. But in this case heme test is normal. Abnormal result would have caused pale color, fainting, tiredness, etc.

Hemoglobin: It is done to check haemoglobin levels in blood. Less hemoglobin level will cause tiredness, dizziness, fainting, pale color of skin. But in this case haemoglobin is also normal.

Respiration: It is also normal in this case. If respiration is not normal then it may cause hyperventilation which may lead to palpitations, dizziness, fainting etc.

Blood pressure: This is normal in Sofia's case. Low blood pressure might cause postular hypotension on standing suddenly which will lead to fainting, dizziness, lightheadedness.

Abdominal/Pelvic ultrasound: It is normal. An abnormal ultrasound would have indicated renal dysfunction which would have led to getting tired easily, confusion, seizures, etc.

Aortic ultrasound: This is also normal. It was done to rule out condition of aortic stenosis because aortic stenosis would have caused shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting,etc.

Ans. 3.

Heart rate: The number of heart beats per minute is called heart rate.

EDV: It stands for end diastolic volume. It is the volume of blood in the right and/or left ventricle at end load or filling in during diastole. It is also defined as amount of blood in ventricles just before systole.

ESV: It stands for end systolic volume. It is the volume of blood in ventricle at the end of systole or at the beginning of diastole.

Stroke volume: It is the volume of blood pumped from left ventricle per beat.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse P
• Subjects

---

---

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.