You work in a medical clinic that specializes in problems with metabolism and th

Question

You work in a medical clinic that specializes in problems with metabolism and the gastrointestinal tract.

In Part 1, you ran experiments to test different digestion process. In each experiment, starch, BAPNA (a synthetic protein) and vegetable oil (lipids) were present. In addition, specific reagents present in each of the experiments are listed in the table above: "+" indicates the presence of the reagent, "-" indicates the absence of the reagent. All samples were incubated at 37°C for 60 minutes.

A. For Part 1, indicate whether each of the IKI test, the Benedict’s test, the pepsin digestion test and the fat digestion test would be negative or positive. Explain your answers.

In Part 2, the four patients below presented with symptoms consistent with metabolic disorders. You ran tests to determine their levels of glucose, insulin, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. Your results are summarized in the table above.

B. For part 2, match each patient with their most likely “diagnosis”. Choose between the following conditions: normal, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, diabetes insipidus, dyslipidemia (i.e. abnormal cholesterol levels), cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, osteopenia. Explain your answers.

Part 1 Amylase Pepsin Lipase pH Bile salts Experiment 1+ Experiment 2+ Experiment 3- 7.0 2.0 7.0 7.0 xperiment 4 Part 2 T-score Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) 9.1 5.3 8.5 4.8 HDL- Fasting plasma insulin LDL- cholesterol cholesterol (mmo/L)(mmolL) (pmo/L Alexis Olga Martin en 2 152 348 98 3.0 4.2 3.3 2.7 0.4 0.8 0.2 1.2 1.2 Normal plasma glucose: 3.5-6.0 mmol/L Normal fasting plasma insulin: 90-174 pmol/L Normal LDL-cholesterol: 1.0 mmol/L for males, >1.3 mmol/L for females For normal values of T-scores, see the introduction of PEX-04-03

Explanation / Answer

Ans:A. For experiment 1 , IKI test which detects the presence of starch , will be positive because of the presence of starch amylase(+).Benedicts test detects simple sugars, so it will be negative for complex starch(amylase molecule).Lipase breaks down fat into fatty acid and glycerol.Pepsin digestion test will be negative because of pH 7 since pepsin works at acidic pH 2. .As the bile salts are present(+), fat digstion test would be positive.

Experiment 2.IKI test which detects the presence of starch , will be positive because of the presence of starch amylase(+).Benedicts test detects simple sugars, so it will be negative for complex starch(amylase molecule).Pepsin digestion test will be positive at pH 2.Fat digestion test will be negative.

Experiment 3.KI test which detects the presence of starch , will be negative because of the absence of starch amylase(-).Benedicts test detects simple sugars, so it will be negative for lack of simple sugar.Pepsin digestion test will be negative because of absenceof pepsin . .As the bile salts are present(+), fat digstion test would be positive.

Experiment 4.KI test which detects the presence of starch , will be negative because of the absence of starch amylase(-).Benedicts test detects simple sugars, so it will be negative for lack of simple sugar.Pepsin and fat digestion test will be negative.

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