A normal individual quickly moves from a supine posture to a standing one. A. Pr

Question

A normal individual quickly moves from a supine posture to a standing one. A. Predict the changes (increase/decrease/no change) that will occur in the following cardiovascular parameters IMMEDIATELY UPON STANDING compared to the SUPINE posture. B. Then predict the changes (increase/decrease/no change) that will occur in those parameters 1 SECOND AFTER STANDING compared to the IMMEDIATELY UPON STANDING (please ignore the "1 MINUTE" in the heading of the table). C. Outline the pathway responsible for the changes in Stroke Volume, Heart Rate, Cardiac Output, and TPR. What receptors and neurotransmitters are involved? D. BONUS: Why would the pathway in C fail for an astronaut upon their return from space?

IMMEDIATELY UPON1MINUTE AFTER PARAMETER (D=DECREASE; IFINCREASE; N-NO CHANGE) STANDING STANDING STROKE VOLUME HEART RATE CARDIAC OUTPUT ! TOTAL PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE AORTIC PRESSURE ARTERIAL PRESSURE IN THE CEREBRAL VESSELS

Explanation / Answer

A. Decreased cardiac output,decreased arterial pressure,decreased total peripheral resistance, decreased stroke volume

B. Baroreceptors detect the decrease in arterial pressure and the vasomotor center is activated to increases smypathetic outflow and decrease parasympathetic outflow.there is incresing in heart rate, TPR , increases cardiac output.

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