(19 points) 22. As we have seen this semester, nerve cells convert an electrical
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(19 points) 22. As we have seen this semester, nerve cells convert an electrical signal into a chemical signal at the synapse. While most neurons release neurotransmitters at the synapse (e.g., acetylcholine, glutamate, GABA), some neurons also release through a similar mechanism neuropeptides. In particular, some neurons in the brain of mammals release the neuropeptide Y (abbreviated NPY) to stimulate food intake. NPY is a small protein of 36 amino acids, that is translated within the neuron cell body/soma, and packaged into vesicles that are transported through the axon to the synapses. Using your knowledge and the figure below, please answer the following questions (the space provided below each question should be largely sufficient for you to answer; help yourself with drawings of necessary): O oo 22.1) Where is NPY translated within the neuron, and what are the major steps involved (5 points)?Explanation / Answer
The synaptic vesicles are transported from cell body to synapse via cytoplasm of the axon. This transport is termed as Axonal transport. The movement towards the cell body is called retrograde transport and movement away from cell body is called antegrade transport.
The axon cytoplasm contans neurotubules. These tubule act as transport systems to move the cargo through axoplasm. h and increase the diameter of regenarated axon terminal.
The cytoskeleton also contains several neurofilaments which are involved in extension of axon length. There are 2 major protein involved in the cargo transport: Kinesin and dynein. The transport can be fast (100mm/day ) or slow (10mm/day).
The axonal proteins consists of 2 motor proteins kinesin and Dynein. These help to move the cargo in the axonemal trnalsport. This transport occurs on the microtubules , (made of tubulin). These motor proteins bind to and transport cargo of vesicles which contain neurotransmitters. The kinesis binds to cargo and travels towards the + end of the microtubule. These proteins are two headed molecules which depend on the hydrolysis of ATP for movement.
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