1)The menstrual cycle is repeated every 28 days and is involved changes in the o

Question

1)The menstrual cycle is repeated every 28 days and is involved changes in the ovaries and the uterus. Describe the changes that occur during both the uterine and ovarian cycles. Make sure you include the hormones involved and the name of the different phases involved in each


1)The menstrual cycle is repeated every 28 days and is involved changes in the ovaries and the uterus. Describe the changes that occur during both the uterine and ovarian cycles. Make sure you include the hormones involved and the name of the different phases involved in each


1)The menstrual cycle is repeated every 28 days and is involved changes in the ovaries and the uterus. Describe the changes that occur during both the uterine and ovarian cycles. Make sure you include the hormones involved and the name of the different phases involved in each 1)The menstrual cycle is repeated every 28 days and is involved changes in the ovaries and the uterus. Describe the changes that occur during both the uterine and ovarian cycles. Make sure you include the hormones involved and the name of the different phases involved in each

Explanation / Answer

Ovarian cycle :it is a series of events in the ovaries that occur during and after the maturation of the oocytes , it is the development and release of oocytes in the ovary and changes in the follicles, ovarian cycle occurs within 28 days and involves both oogenesis the process of formation and development of oocyte and preparation of the uterus to receive a fertilized ovum this cycle consists of follicular and luteal phase,a) follicular phase: occurs in the first half of the cycle, oocyte inside each follicle enlarges and thecal cells in follicle secretes increased amount of oestrogen, then zona pelliucide and antrum forms, a rapid follicular growth continues during the follicular phase, one follicle usually grows more rapidly and matures about 14 days after onset of follicular development, harmonal control of follicular phase: the LH stimulates the thecal cells in the ovarian follicle, on stimulation the thecal cells convert cholesterol into androgen, then androgen diffuses fron the thecal cells into the adjacent granulosa cells, then FSHstimulates the granulosa cells in the ovarian follicle, on sstimulation the granulosa cells convert androgen into estrogen, part of the estrogen is secreted into the blood where it exerts systemic effects, then estrogen and FSH stimulates proliferation of the granulosa cells, Ovulation: then the walls of the graffian follicle ruptures and thereby antral fluid along with the oocytes flows to ovarian surface, fluids and the oocytes are released and te oocytes enters the uterine tube, luteinzing harmone is triggered follicles are released during ovulation.b)luteal phase: in the last 14 days of the ovarian cycle , old follicular cells undergoes structural transformation to form corpus luteum, fully functional within 4 days after ovulation and continues to increase in size for another 4 to 5 days , if released ovum is not fertilized and not implant corpus leteum degenerates within about 14 days after formation, harmonal control are LH causes development of corpus luteum from empty graffian follicle. Uterine cycle: it is harmonal changes during ovarian cycle it consists of 3 phases a) Menustrual phase: in this phase there is a decreased level of oestrogen and preogesterone uterine lining is shed from 5 to 7 days, it shows discharge of blood and endometrial debris from birth canal inthis phase there will be release of uterine prostaglandin which inturn causes vasoconstriction of endometrial vessels disrupts blood supply and causes death of endometrium, which stimulates mild rhythmic contraction of uterine myometrium helps expels the menstrual flow,b) proliferative phase: increased levels of estrogen endometrium renewed in the preparation of possible pregnancy, c) secretory phase: increased level of progesterone endometrium is developed the phase coincides with the luteal phase.harmones acts in these phase are FSH it helps development of follicle and LH causes ovulation development of corpus luteum and inhibin decrease FSH , oestrogen stimulates oogenesis and follicle development and promotes proliferative phase uterine condition and also helps in secondary sexual characteristic and progesterone promotes secretory phase uterine condition and suppresses uterine contraction during pregnancy and promotes growth of glandular breast tissues.

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