joints-gliding IDENTIFYING BONES, SUTURES, AND FONTANELS OF THE FETAL SKULL: Wit

Question

joints-gliding IDENTIFYING BONES, SUTURES, AND FONTANELS OF THE FETAL SKULL: Within w oad the following structures on a fetal skull. Be prepared to find these structures on a Sutures s: e ble to ell them correctly (EXAM 4: PART 2) Coronal (frontal) suture separates frontal and parietal bones practical exam Sagittal separates parietal bones Metopic Lambdoidal two frontal bones (extension of saggital suture that will eventually ossify). pi separates the occipital and parietal bones. osal- separates temporal bones from all other skull bones. Squam Fontanels Anterior- surrounded by the frontal and parietal bones: ossifies by 18-24 months of age. Posterior surrounded by parietal and occipital bones: ossifies by 2 months of age. ossifies by 3 months of age. Mastoidal (posterolateral)-surrounded by temporal, parietal and occipital bones; eloses by Spheoidal (anterolateral)- surrounded by sphenoid, temporal, parietal and frontal bones 12 months of age. ANALYZING MOVEMENTS: In a small group. determine what motions (body movements) are being conducted in the following scenarios. Only discuss the joints indicated. DUE: Exam day, Part 2 exam Scenario one: From an crect standing position (correct anatomical position), bend to touch your toes, keeping knees straight. Describe only hip, vertebrae, ankle, wrist and shoulder joint movements. io two: From an erect sitting position, stand upright. Do not describe any hand, arm, head or Scenari shoulder movements. 10

Explanation / Answer

variety of movements provided by the different types of synovial joints allows for a large range of body motions and gives you tremendous mobility. These movements allow you to flex or extend your body or limbs, medially rotate and adduct your arms and flex your elbows to hold a heavy object against your chest, raise your arms above your head, rotate or shake your head, and bend to touch the toes (with or without bending your knees).

Each of the different structural types of synovial joints also allow for specific motions. The atlantoaxial pivot joint provides side-to-side rotation of the head, while the proximal radioulnar articulation allows for rotation of the radius during pronation and supination of the forearm. Hinge joints, such as at the knee and elbow, allow only for flexion and extension. Similarly, the hinge joint of the ankle only allows for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the foot.

Condyloid and saddle joints are biaxial. These allow for flexion and extension, and abduction and adduction. The sequential combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction produces circumduction. Multiaxial plane joints provide for only small motions, but these can add together over several adjacent joints to produce body movement, such as inversion and eversion of the foot. Similarly, plane joints allow for flexion, extension, and lateral flexion movements of the vertebral column. The multiaxial ball and socket joints allow for flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and circumduction. In addition, these also allow for medial (internal) and lateral (external) rotation. Ball-and-socket joints have the greatest range of motion of all synovial joints.

Scenario1-joints give the body many ways in which to move. (a Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints. Anterior bending of the head or vertebral column is flexion, while any posterior-going movement is extension. .Abduction and adduction are motions of the limbs, hand, fingers, or toes in the coronal (medial–lateral) plane of movement. Moving the limb or hand laterally away from the body, or spreading the fingers or toes, is abduction. Adduction brings the limb or hand toward or across the midline of the body, or brings the fingers or toes together. Circumduction is the movement of the limb, hand, or fingers in a circular pattern, using the sequential combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction motions. Adduction/abduction and circumduction take place at the shoulder, hip, wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and metatarsophalangeal

Scenario2-

Sitting down and standing up require a coordinated effort from muscles surrounding your hip, knee and ankle joints. Joints, or articulations, are junctions between two bones that permit a degree of movement. When you sit down, your hip joints flex, which means that the joints bend so that your thighs move forward, your knees flex and your ankles dorsiflex -- where the top of your feet move up toward your shins. When you stand up, your hip joints extend or straighten so that your thighs move backward while your knees extend and your ankles plantar flex, which means that your feet point and move away from your shins.

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