Endocrine systems Can you? Compare and contrast ?neurotransmitter release and ho

Question

Endocrine systems

Can you?

Compare and contrast ?neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion;

List some examples of endocrine glands;

List the hormones secreted by the pituitary and ?hypothalamus and ?briefly describe their function;

Describe the role of the hypothalamus in specific homeostatic responses?;

?Describe the functional roles of thyroid and pancreatic hormones;

Predict the impact of disease states on thyroid and pancreatic function; what potential symptoms and outcomes might be observed?

Explanation / Answer

Neurotransmitters belong to the nervous system, whereas hormones belong to the endocrine system. Transmission of neurotransmitters is across the synaptic cleft, whereas that of hormones is by blood. Hormones are produced by endocrine glands while neurotransmitters are produced by neurons. Target cells of neurotransmitters can be specific neurons or other cells, whereas that of hormones can be some distance from endocrine gland.

Pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid clad, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas and gonads are examples of endocrine glands.

Prolactin- This hormone comes from the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the production of milk after childbirth.Interstitial Cell Stimlating hormone (ISCH)-Hormone from the anterior pituitary that stimulates interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)- Hormone from the anterior pituitary stimulates ovulation and development of corpus luteum.Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)- Hormone from anterior pituitary stimulates ovarian follicle in female to mature an egg and stimulates the development of testes in males.Adrenocorticotropic Hormoe (TSH)-Hormone from anterior pituitary stimulates the adreal cortex to function properly.Thyroid Stimulatiing Hormone (TSH)- Hormone from the anterior pituitary that stimulates the thyroid gland to function.Growth Hormone (GH)- Hormone from the anterior pituitary that is needed for normal growthMelanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)- Hormone from pituitary that stimulates the melanocyte cells in skin to produce melanin.Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)- Hormone from posterior pituitary that acts on the kidneys (nephrons) to conserve fluid.Oxytocin- Hormone from posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirths.

Gonadotropin - releasing hormone - GnRH- Controls (follicle stimulating hormone) FSH + (luteinizing hormone) LH release. Stumulates the ovaries and testes (gonads).Thyrotropin - releasing hormone - TRH- Promotes (thyroid stimulating hormone) TSH and PRL (prolactin) secretion.Corticotropin - releasing hormone - CRH- Promotes (adrenocorticotropic hormone) ACTH secretionGrowth Hormone - releasing hormone - GH- Promotes (growth hormone) GH secretion.Somatostatin- Inhibits GH and TSH secretionAntidiuretic Hormone -ADH-Increases water retention thus reducing urine volume and prevents dehydration. Also called casopressin because i can cause vasoconstriciton. Involves osmodetectors and blood osmolarity. Also functions as a neurotransmitter.Oxytocin - OT-Surge of hormone released during sexual arousal and orgasm. Stimulate uterine contractions and propulsion of semen. Promotes feelings of sexual satisfaction and emotional bonding between partners. Stumulates labor contractions during child brith. Stimulates flow of milk during lactation. Promotes emotional bonding between lactating mother and infanct.

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