11. Increased vagal stimulation would cause ?.the heart rate to decrease. B. the
ID: 3522045 • Letter: 1
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11. Increased vagal stimulation would cause ?.the heart rate to decrease. B. the heart rate to increase. C. force of contraction to increase. D. stroke volume to increase. E. no change in heart rate, stroke volume, or force of contraction 12. The cardioregulatory center of the brain is located in the B. medulla oblongata. C. cerebellum. D. cerebrum. E. diencephalons. 13. Chemoreceptors sensitive to blood carbon dioxide levels are primarily located in the A. renal arteries. B. carotid arteries. C. right atrium. D. left ventricle. E. jugular veins. 14. Capillary walls serve as effective permeability barriers for A. oxygen and carbon dioxide. B. electrolytes. C. glucose D. proteins. E small water-soluble molecules. 15. Blood is moved through the vascular system by A. valves in the wall of the blood vessels. B. peristalsis caused by smooth muscle in the blood vessel walls. C. pressure gradients created by the heart. D. osmotic pressure. E viscosity of the bloodExplanation / Answer
11. The vagus nerve controls the parasympathetic innervation of the heart which is partially shared by the thoracic ganglia. Excessive stimulation of the Vagal and spinal ganglionic nerves would cause lowering of the heart rate.
12. The cardiovascular center is present in medulla oblongata it is a part of the brain which is responsible for the heart rate regulation with the help of the nervous and endocrine systems.
13. Chemoreceptors are located in two places. First, in carotid bodies are located in the carotid arteries that run through the neck to the brain, while the other is in the aortic bodies that are found in the aortic arch, an arterial feature near the heart.
14. The capillary walls are impermeable for the glucose molecules.
15. The valves in the blood vessels as in deep veins play a major role to propel blood toward the heart. The function of the one-way valves present in deep veins not allow blood from flowing backwardly, while the muscles surround the deep veins to compress them, helping force the blood toward the heart
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