LABELING EXERCISE 16-1 ldentify the components of the digestive system shown in

Question

LABELING EXERCISE 16-1 ldentify the components of the digestive system shown in Figure 16-1. Place the corresponding letter on the line next to the appropriate label Secretion of lubricating uid molstening, mixing with salivary secretions containina enzymes that break down carbohydrates Mutcular propuision of materials into the esophagus Secretion of bile (mportant for lipid digestion), storage of nutrients, many other vital functions Trarisport of materiais to the stomach Storage and concentration of bile Exocrine cells secrete buftlers and digestive enzymos; endocrine cets secrete hormones Chemical breakdown o materials by acid and enzymes; mechanical processing through muscular Dehydration and compaction of undigestible materials in preparation for elimination Enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substrates, vitamins, and ions Figure 16-1 Components of the Digestive System d Pharynx Gallbladder 3 Small intestine Esophagus 3 Oral cavity teth, tongue 6. Pancreas 7) Liver 5 (8 Salivary glands (9) Stomach (10 Large intestine 02008 Pearson Education, lnc. Anstomy &Physiology; for Emergency Care, 2nd ed 160 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY FOR EMERGENCY CARE

Explanation / Answer

Components of digestive system:

1. Pharynx : (i.) Muscular propulsion of materials into the exophagus.

Note: Pharynx is situated behind the mouth, between nasal cavity and esophagus. Pharynx parts the respiratory tract and esophagus so that air and food can enter into their corresponding tube.

2. Gallbladder: (c.) Storage and concentration of bile.

It is a small hollow sack lies beneath the liver. It stores biles and concentrate it and when time requires, releases it into small intestine.

3. Small Intestine: (f.) Enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substrates, vitamins and ions

Note: SI is a long tube about 20 feet long, wound up inside abdomen. It contains three sections, Deodenum, which is connected part with stomach, Jejunum, the middle part and Ilium the long, end part which ends up in large intestine. It is the main region of food digestion and absorption.

4. Esophagus: (h.) Transport of material to the stomach

Note: It is a long muscular tube about 10 inches. It passes food material from pharynx to stomach. It has a contraction force called peristaltic movement which helps running down the food.

5. Oral cavity, teeth, tongue: (a.) Mechanical processing, moistening, mixing with salivary secretions.

Note: Our digesting system starts with mouth, oral cavity, teeth and tongue. oral cavity is the place where food first enzymatically digested (especially carbs). Teeth helps in mechanical break down of food and tongue picks up taste from food.

6. Pancreas: (d.) Exocrine cells secrete buffers and digestive enzymes; endocrine cells secrete hormones.

Note: It is a excretory organ with both endocrine and exocrine glands. It has three distinct parts: head, body and tail. The endocrine glands of pancreas secrete hormones like insulin, glucagon and somatostatin directly in blood, whereas exocrine glands secrete digestive enzymes for food breakdown into small intestine.

7. Liver: (b.) Secretion of bile I(important for lipid digestion), storage of nutrients, many other vital functions.

Note: One of the most versatile organ. It has two lobes left and right. Has many functions. Produces various enzymes for food breakdown, eliminates waste from blood, takes part in immune system and many more

8. Salivary glands: (j.) Secretion of lubricating fluid, containing enzymes that break down carbohydrates.

Note: There are three pairs of salivary glands in side our mouth. Sublingual, submandibular and parotid glands. These glands secretes mucus and digestive enzymes (for carbs) for lubricating food and inside oral cavity.

9. Stomach: (g.) Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes; mechanical processing through muscular contraction.

Note: One of the important area where most proteinious food gets digested. The inside of stomach contains acid HCL (pH 3.4) for easy break down of food and kill any living things and harmful microbes. It has secton of cardiacum, fundus, body and pylorus from top to bottom order.  

10. Large intestine: (e.) Dehydration and compaction of undigestible materials in preparation for elimination.

Note: It is the tube that surrounds small intestine. Its positions are named from closed end appendix, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, decending colon to open end rectum. It absorbs the last remaining nutrient from food and make the undigestable part into waste feces.

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