complete the following chart by defining the injury, listing signs/symptoms, and

ID: 3524410 • Letter: C

Question

complete the following chart by defining the injury, listing signs/symptoms, and listing first aid treatment Assignment 6: Complete the following chart by defining the injury, listing signs/symptoms, and listing first aid treatment. Injury Definition Signs/Symptoms First Aid T What is the purpose of the neurological system? ussion Epistaxis (nose bleed) eign object in ear Foreign object in nose oreign object in eye Hyphema eal Abrasion Battles Sign Raccoon Eyes Tooth Fracture Tooth "knocked out" Nasal Fracture Blow Out" Fracture (eye Mandible Fracture ration rasion ncision uncture (What is a worry with puncture wounds?) External Bleeding Internal Bleeding Hypovolemic Shock Infection (wound)

Explanation / Answer

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Injury

Definition

Signs / Symptoms

First aid treatment

what is the purpose of the neurological system

The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body. Together, these organs are responsible for the control of the body and communication among its parts.

Symptoms can include all forms of pain and can involve muscle function, sensation, the special senses (vision, taste, smell, and hearing), sleep, awareness (consciousness), and mental function (cognition). The characteristics and pattern of symptoms help doctors diagnose the neurologic disorder.

It acts as a message pathway between the brain and the rest of the body. Nerves conveying impulses from the brain, otherwise known as efferent or motor nerves, travel through the spinal cord down to the various organs of the body.

Concussion

Concussion, also known as mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is typically defined as a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning.

headaches, trouble with thinking, memory or concentration, nausea, blurry vision, sleep disturbances or mood changes.

Immobilize the person's head by holding it with both hands in the position you found her in, and do not move her unless it is absolutely necessary for her safety. Apply ice to reduce the swelling. Press an ice pack to the area of injury for approximately 20-30 minutes every two to four hour

Stroke

A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.[5] There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding.[5] They result in part of the brain not functioning properly

inability to move or feel on one side of the body, problems understanding or speaking, dizziness, or loss of vision to one side

A stroke occurs when there's bleeding into your brain or when blood flow to your brain is blocked. Within minutes of being deprived of essential nutrients, brain cells start dying. Seek immediate medical assistance. A stroke is a true emergency.

Epistaxis

Epistaxis also called acute hemorrhage or nose bleed is a medical condition in which bleeding occurs from the nasal cavity of the nostril. Nose bleed can occur due to a trauma to the nose, due to accident, or injury to the interior of the nose from pricking.

Excess blood loss may cause dizziness and fainting, confusion, loss of alertness and light-headedness.

To manage a nosebleed include: Reassure the person, especially children, as crying increases blood flow. Sit the person up straight and drop their head slightly forward. Apply finger and thumb pressure on the soft part of nostrils below the bridge of the nose for at least 10 minutes

foreign object in ear

Object stuck in the ear is a relatively common problem, especially in toddlers. The vast majority of items are lodged in the ear canal, which is the small channel that ends at the eardrum. Because the ear canal is quite sensitive

Ear pain, Irritation, Bleeding

Don't probe the ear with a tool such as a cotton swab or matchstick. You risk pushing the object farther in and damaging the ear.
Remove the object if possible. ...
Try using gravity. ...
Try using oil for an insect. ...
Try washing the object out.

foreign object in Nose

an object is present in the nose when it’s not naturally supposed to be there. Children under the age of five often have this issue. But it’s not uncommon for older children to place foreign objects in their nostrils

Difficulty breathing through the affected nostril.
Feeling of something in the nose.
Foul-smelling or bloody nasal discharge.
Irritability, particularly in infants.
Irritation or pain in the nose.

Don't probe at the object with a cotton swab or other tool.
Don't try to inhale the object by forcefully breathing in. ...
Blow out of your nose gently to try to free the object, but don't blow hard or repeatedly. ...
Gently remove the object if it's visible and you can easily grasp it with tweezers.

foreign object in eye

A foreign object in the eye is something that enters the eyefrom outside the body. It can be anything that does not naturally belong there, from a particle of dust to a metal shard. When a foreign object enters the eye, it will most likely affect the cornea or the conjunctiva.

If you have a foreign object in your eye, you probably will experience immediate symptoms. You may experience: a feeling of pressure or discomfort. a sensation that something is in your eye.

Pull out the lower eyelid or press down on the skin below the eyelid to see underneath it.
If the object is visible, try tapping it with a damp cotton swab.
For a persistent object, try to flush it out by flowing water on the eyelid as you hold it open.

Hypothermia

Hypothermia is a medical emergency that occurs when your body loses heat faster than it can produce heat, causing a dangerously low body temperature. Normal body temperature is around 98.6 F (37 C). Hypothermia (hi-poe-THUR-me-uh) occurs as your body temperature falls below 95 F (35 C).

Shivering.
Slurred speech or mumbling.
Slow, shallow breathing.
Weak pulse.
Clumsiness or lack of coordination.
Drowsiness or very low energy.
Confusion or memory loss.
Loss of consciousness.

Remove wet clothing and dry the person off, if needed. Warm the person's trunk first, not hands and feet. Warming extremities first can cause shock. Warm the person by wrapping him or her in blankets or putting dry clothing on the person.

Corneal abrasion

A corneal abrasion (scratched cornea or scratched eye) is one of the most common eye injuries. A scratched cornea often causes significant discomfort, red eyes and hypersensitivity to light. Corneal abrasions result from a disruption or loss of cells in the top layer of the cornea, called the corneal epithelium.

Pain, which may feel worse when you open or close your eye.
A feeling that there is something in your eye.
Tearing.
Redness.
Sensitivity to light.
Blurred vision or loss of vision.
Headache

Rinse your eye with clean water or a saline solution. You can use an eyecup or a small, clean drinking glass positioned with its rim resting on the bone at the base of your eye socket.

Battle's sign

Battle's sign, also known as mastoid ecchymosis, is an indication of fracture of middle cranial fossa of the skull and may suggest underlying brain trauma. Battle's sign consists of bruising over the mastoid process as a result of extravasation of blood along the path of the posterior auricular artery.

bruising of the tissues around the eyes (called raccoon eyes),
bruising behind the ear (Battle's sign),
bleeding from the ear canal, or.
cerebrospinal fluid leaking from the ear or nose.

patient on anti-coagulant (blood thinning) therapy is at higher risk of developing intracranial bleeding (bleeding within the skull).

Raccoon eye

Raccoon eye/eyes (also known in the United Kingdom and Ireland as panda eyes) or periorbital ecchymosis is a sign of basal skull fracture or subgaleal hematoma, a craniotomy that ruptured the meninges, or (rarely) certain cancers.

swelling of the eyelids.
tenderness in the area.
discoloration.
Battle's sign, which is a similar bruising pattern that appears behind the ear.
bruising which appears hours to days after the trauma.
a red eye, or subconjunctival hemorrhage.

Apply a cold pack, frozen pack of vegetables, or ice wrapped in cloth, to the site of injury around the eye immediately
Continue this intermittently for 15-20 minutes every 1 or 2 hours while awake, for about 24-48 hours, depending on the severity of the swelling

Tooth fracture

Tooth fractures can range from minor (involving chipping of the outer tooth layers called enamel and dentin) to severe (involving vertical, diagonal, or horizontal fractures of the tooth and/or root). Enamel and dentin are the two outer protective layers of the tooth. The enamel is the outermost white hard surface

Cracked teeth show a variety of symptoms, including erratic pain when chewing, possibly with the release of biting pressure, or pain when your tooth is exposed to temperature extremes. In many cases, the pain may come and go, and your dentist may have difficulty locating which tooth is causing the discomfort.

These dental injuries include swelling of the gum and oral tissue. Cold packs or ice cubes placed inside the mouth over the injured tooth or outside on the cheeks or lips can reduce pain and swelling before the patient reaches the dentist.

knocked out tooth

The medical term for a knocked out tooth is "avulsed" tooth.

Trouble breathing.
Persistent bleeding (won't stop)
Severe pain.
Facial swelling.
Fever.

Collect Teeth or Teeth Fragments. Handle teeth carefully because damage may prevent re-implantation. ...
Re-Insert or Store Teeth. Rinse mouth with warm water. ...
Treat Symptoms. Control bleeding with sterile gauze or cloth.

Nasal fracture

A nasal fracture, commonly referred to as a broken nose, is a fracture of one of the bones of the nose. Symptoms may include bleeding, swelling, bruising, and an inability to breathe through the nose. ... Nasal fractures are common, comprising about 40% of facial fractures.

The nose may look crooked. Swelling, tenderness, black eyes and difficulty breathing through the nose may all be symptoms of a fracture.

If you're not bleeding, elevate your head to reduce throbbing pain. To reduce swelling, apply a cold compress or ice wrapped in a washcloth to your nose for 15 to 20 minutes, three or four times a day. Take acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) to relieve pain

blowout fracture

An orbital blowout fracture is a traumatic deformity of the orbital floor or medial wall, typically resulting from impact of a blunt object larger than the orbital aperture, or eye socket.

The most common symptoms are bruising, tenderness and swelling around the eye; redness of the eye; double vision, or diplopia (seeing two images at the same time); numbness of the cheek

Do not wash the eye or lid.
If there is an object embedded in your eye, do NOT remove it. Doing so can cause further damage.
Cover the eye with an eye shield. If you don’t have one available, place the bottom half of a paper cup over your eye and tape over it gently to secure it to your face.
Seek prompt medical attention.

Mandible fracture

A broken jaw (or mandible fracture) is a common facial injury. Only the nose is broken more frequently. A broken jaw is the 10th most common fractured bone in the human body. Fractures (breaks in the bone) are generally the result of a direct force or trauma to the jawbone (mandible).

pain.
swelling, including facial swelling.
bleeding, including bleeding from the mouth.
breathing difficulties.
discomfort when chewing.
jaw stiffness.
numbness and bruising in the face.
dental-related discomfort, such as numbness in the gums or loosened teeth

Immobilize Jaw. Make a bandage out of a handkerchief, scarf, or necktie, and tie it around the jaw and over the top of the head to keep the jaw from moving. The bandage should be easily removable in case the person starts to vomit.

Laceration

a deep cut or tear in skin or flesh.

Signs of infection include severe pain, draining pus, redness beyond the wound edges, fever and chills, or excessive wound swelling.
Inflammation from wound healing and stitches can cause minor redness around the wound edges and is normal.

Stop the Bleeding. Apply direct pressure on the area.
Clean and Protect. Clean the area with warm water and gentle soap. ...
Call a Health Care Provider. Call a health care provider if: ...
Follow Up. For a minor cut or laceration, remove bandage after a couple of days to promote healing.

Abrasion

The process of wearing away a surface by friction. A rock undergoes abrasion when particles of sand or small pieces of rock are carried across its surface by a glacier, stream, or the wind. A scraped area on the skin or mucous membranes.

Pain, which may feel worse when you open or close your eye.
A feeling that there is something in your eye.
Tearing.
Redness.
Sensitivity to light.
Blurred vision or loss of vision.
Headache.

The first step in the care of cuts, scrapes (abrasions) is to stop the bleeding. Most wounds respond to direct pressure with a clean cloth or bandage. Hold the pressure continuously for approximately 10 to 20 minutes. If this fails to stop the bleeding or if bleeding is rapid, seek medical assistance.

Incision

a cut or wound of body tissue made especially in surgery.

Fever.
Infection.
Bulging (palpable lump and/or mass on surgical scar)
Visible protrusion (see internal segment poking out of surgical wound)
Pain.
Aching.
Swelling.
Foul-smelling drainage.

First aid treatment for severe bleeding includes: Remove clothing around the site for easier access. Apply pressure directly to the wound with your hands to stem the blood flow. Cover the wound with a sterile dressing, if possible, and continue to apply direct pressure (bandage firmly)

Puncture wound

A puncture wound is a deep wound that occurs due to something sharp and pointed, such as a nail. The opening on the skin is small, and the puncture wound may not bleed much. Puncture wounds can easily become infected.

Puncture wounds usually cause pain and mild bleeding at the site of the puncture. It is usually fairly obvious if a person is cut. ...
Infection may cause redness, swelling, pus, or watery discharge from a puncture wound that is not noticed or not treated properly.

Wash your hands. This helps avoid infection.
Stop the bleeding. Apply gentle pressure with a clean bandage or cloth.
Clean the wound. Rinse the wound with clear water for five to 10 minutes. ...
Apply an antibiotic. ...
Cover the wound. ...
Change the dressing. ...
Watch for signs of infection.

External bleeding

External bleeding refers to blood coming from an open wound. The term hemorrhage refers to a large amount of bleeding in a short time. External bleed- ing can be classified into three types according to the type of blood vessel that is damaged: an artery, vein, or capillary

pain at the injured site.
swollen, tight abdomen.
nausea and vomiting.
pale, clammy, sweaty skin.
breathlessness.
extreme thirst.
unconsciousness.

Lie the person down. If a limb is injured, raise the injured area above the level of the person's heart (if possible). Get the person to apply direct pressure to the wound with their hand or hands to stem the blood flow.

Internal bleeding

Internal bleeding (also called internal hemorrhage) is a loss of blood that occurs from the vascular system into a body cavity or space. It is a serious medical emergency but the extent of severity depends on bleeding rate and location of the bleeding (e.g. heart, brain, stomach, lungs).

pain, but if there is enough blood loss, the patient may complain of weakness, lightheadedness,shortness of breath, and other symptoms of shock and decreased blood pressure.

First-Aid Treatment. A lay person cannot stop internal bleeding. If extensive bleeding causes light-headedness or symptoms of shock, the person should be laid down and the legs elevated. Medical assistance should be summoned as quickly as possible.

Hypovolemic shock

Hypovolemic shock is a life-threatening condition that results when you lose more than 20 percent (one-fifth) of your body's blood or fluid supply. This severe fluid loss makes it impossible for the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to your body. Hypovolemic shock can lead to organ failure.

weakness, fatigue, fainting and dizziness.

Hypovolemic shock is treated with fluids (saline) in minor cases, and blood transfusions in severe cases

Wound infection

Wounds heal best when they are clean and free from germs. In a wound infection, germs have got into the area where the skin is broken. There may be infection in a small area around the edge, or in the whole wound site, or spreading further. Surgical wound infections are also called "surgical site infections"

Feelings of Malaise. Malaise is a common non-specific sign of a localized systemic infection. ...
Running a Fever. ...
Fluid Drainage. ...
Continual or Increased Pain. ...
Redness and Swelling. ...
Hot Incision Site.

This helps avoid infection. Stop the bleeding. Minor cuts and scrapes usually stop bleeding on their own. If needed, apply gentle pressure with a clean bandage or cloth and elevate the wound until bleeding stops.