hello chegg team! This is an eng-115 course and topic is research essay. It requ
ID: 353549 • Letter: H
Question
hello chegg team! This is an eng-115 course and topic is research essay. It requires 1650-1800 words with minimum of 5 sources and maximum of 8 sources. The topic is:
Access to clean water is considered by many to be a basic human right, yet significant numbers of people do not have it. Focus on a specific geographical area and identify obstacles and propose solutions.
I have decided to focus on Punjab, India. We have to narrow it as much we can i.e. focus on problem and solution in urban areas or rural areas etc. We also have to add source to the essay to claim data.
Can i have sources link at the end too.
Thankyou
Explanation / Answer
Access to safe water is a fundamental human need and a basic human right. Contaminated water threatens both the physical and social health of all people. It is an affront to human dignity. The government of India has recognized the lack of access to clean water as a major problem. Under the Indian Constitution, water supply and sanitation are the responsibility of each individual of the respective state within India. Even today, clean water is a luxury that remains out of the reach of many. More than a billion people have no access to improved water sources, while nearly two and a half billion live without basic sanitation.
South-west parts of Punjab State comprising Faridkot districts suffer from groundwater quality and associated health problems. Faridkot district is created by Punjab Government by re-orienting parts of the adjoining Moga, Muktsar, and Bhatinda districts. Faridkot is a district with an area of 1419 Sq. Km. and has the unique distinction of being one of the smallest districts in the state. Drinking water supply to all rural as well as urban parts of the district is based on canal as well as ground water. The quality of ground water in general is saline and non potable all over and the depth to water level is within 10 to 20m in eastern parts, whereas in western parts depth to water levels is between 2 to 5 meters only. Results of hydrogeological and hydrochemical investigations reveal that hot spots of fluoride and uranium having more than permissible concentrations prescribed for drinking water by the World Health Organisation (WHO) occur in most parts of the area. Arsenic hot spots occur locally, but are not widely spread. Other heavy metals (Cr, Se, Hg, Mn, Cu, Zn, etc.) show temporal variations in their concentration and do not occur consistently. Radon concentration in groundwater is also found. In addition, pesticide residues have also been found to occur in groundwater. The cocktail of such toxics and pesticides in groundwater has affected the human health in the area. Fluoride is responsible for causing bone and joint problems. Uranium is nephrotoxic and affects the kidneys. Cases of arsenic skin disorders, notably pigmentation changes (melanosis) were previously observed in the area. Pesticides are known to be carcinogenic. Their presence in human blood increases chances of cancer patients and indicates their harmful impact.
Some action should be adopted to reach to the solution of this.
Ground water withdrawal technique must be adopted to reach to a solution. Installing multiple well point systems: The hydrogeological data generated through exploratory test drilling and with the help of public health tube wells were studied during draft survey and has provided vital information regarding identification of aquifer systems, demarcation of their vertical and lateral extent ; delineation of potential aquifer characteristics. As Faridkot block comprises fine grained sand which is a potential aquifer of the area, so multiple well point system is very popular among the farmers which not only yield ground water with optimum discharge but will also yield fresh ground water from fresh water lenses which would be clean. Cyclic use of poor quality groundwater and canal water: In Faridkot district, availability of good quality water is often limited and farmers have to resort to the use of saline and / or sodic groundwater. Use of poor quality groundwater and available canal water , is not only beneficial for raising of crops, but also helps in lowering of water table which will create more storage for fresh ground water resulting from natural recharge, return flow and canal seepage. Ground Water Recharge: Due to urbanization and reduction in forest and green areas, the natural recharge to ground water has substantially decreased. Further, the improvement in drainage pattern has caused reduction in percolation of rain water to the ground water thereby affecting the natural recharge system. Recharge from drains, water conservation, recycling of water, irrigation practises and change in current irrigation facility; also mass awareness programs are various other form of effective plans that can help in resolving the issue of clean water supply.
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