First In your own words, give some examples for an application that databases ca
ID: 3536258 • Letter: F
Question
First
In your own words, give some examples for an application that databases can do (such as school, banking, airline reservation, social security, etc.).
Second
Think of different type of users for the relational database. In your own words, (1) what are the user definition? (2) what are their difference in user access?
Third
In your own words, if you were designing a Web-based system to make airline reservations and to sell airline tickets, which DBMS architecture would you choose from Hierarchical, Network, or Relational? Why? Why would the other architectures not be a good choice?
Explanation / Answer
Most organizations in developed countries today depend on databases for their business operations. Increasingly, databases are not only used to support the internal operations of the organization, but also to underpin its online interactions with customers and suppliers (see Enterprise software). Databases are not used only to hold administrative information, but are often embedded within applications to hold more specialized data: for example engineering data or economic models. Examples of database applications include computerized library systems, flight reservation systems, and computerized parts inventory systems.
Client-server or transactional[disambiguation needed] DBMSs are often complex to maintain high performance, availability and security when many users are querying and updating the database at the same time. Personal, desktop-based database systems tend to be less complex. For example, FileMaker and Microsoft Access come with built-in graphical user interfaces.
A DBMS has evolved into a complex software system and its development typically requires thousands of person-years of development effort.[4] Some general-purpose DBMSs such as Adabas, Oracle and DB2 have been undergoing upgrades since the 1970s. General-purpose DBMSs aim to meet the needs of as many applications as possible, which adds to the complexity. However, the fact that their development cost can be spread over a large number of users means that they are often the most cost-effective approach. However, a general-purpose DBMS is not always the optimal solution: in some cases a general-purpose DBMS may introduce unnecessary overhead. Therefore, there are many examples of systems that use special-purpose databases. A common example is an email system: email systems are designed to optimize the handling of email messages, and do not need significant portions of a general-purpose DBMS functionality.
Many databases have application software that accesses the database on behalf of end-users, without exposing the DBMS interface directly. Application programmers may use a wire protocoldirectly, or more likely through an application programming interface. Database designers and database administrators interact with the DBMS through dedicated interfaces to build and maintain the applications' databases, and thus need some more knowledge and understanding about how DBMSs operate and the DBMSs' external interfaces and tuning parameters.
General-purpose databases are usually developed by one organization or community of programmers, while a different group builds the applications that use it. In many companies, specializeddatabase administrators maintain databases, run reports, and may work on code that runs on the databases themselves (rather than in the client application).
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