(2 Marks) Question 1: An ISP has a block of addresses with the starting address

Question

(2 Marks) Question 1: An ISP has a block of addresses with the starting address 117.5.12.0/24. This ISP has to assign IP addresses to four small ISPs in subblocks such as:

a) one subblock of 65 addresses,

b) one subblock of 64addresses,

c) one subblock of 12 addresses and

d) one subblock of 5 addresses

Provide the first and last IP addresses for each of the above subblock. Briefly explain each of your answer. Note that each IP address you mention should contain the “Prefix” and the “Suffix” parts.

(1 Mark) Question 2: (a) What is the purpose of the ICMPv4 protocol and mobile IP? (b) Differentiate the terms Delay and Throughput?

(1 Mark) Question 3: What is double crossing (an issue related to mobile IP)? Explain in your own words. Also, draw a Figure to elaborate.

Explanation / Answer

Question 1

a) if we want to 65 addresses subblock then network address will be 117.5.12.0/25, So Subnet Mask for this network will be 255.255.255.128, Assignable IP list is 117.5.12.1 - 117.5.12.65, Broadcast address for this network will be 117.5.12.127

b) if we want to 64 addresses subblock then network address will be 117.5.12.128/25, So Subnet Mask for this network will be 255.255.255.128, Assignable IP list is 117.5.12.129 - 117.5.12.192, Broadcast address for this network will be 117.5.12.255

c) if we want to 12 addresses subblock then network address will be 117.5.13.0/28, So Subnet Mask for this network will be 255.255.255.240, Assignable IP list is 117.5.13.1 - 117.5.13.12, Broadcast address for this network will be 117.5.13.15

d) if we want to 5 addresses subblock then network address will be 117.5.13.16/29, So Subnet Mask for this network will be 255.255.255.248, Assignable IP list is 117.5.13.17 - 117.5.13.21, Broadcast address for this network will be 117.5.13.23

Question 2:- (a) ICMPv4 is a Internet Control Message Protocol operating in IPv4 is a messaging protocol which is generally used as a error reporting protocol. It is used by network devices to send error message and operational information containing message.

(b) 1. Delay is measured in terms of time unit that is seconds or miliseconds where throughput measured in terms of bits/seconds

2. Delay is basically defined as total transmitting delay depends of medium of transmission, propagation delay and queuing time where throughput basically defined as total number of packets of bits succesfully recieved at destination per unit time or seconds

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