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TWO SEPARATE QUESTIONS (Break-Even-Analysis) 1. At a volume of 125,000 units a c

ID: 362108 • Letter: T

Question

TWO SEPARATE QUESTIONS (Break-Even-Analysis)

1. At a volume of 125,000 units a company’s variable costs are $600,000, fixed costs are $50,000 and profits are $15,000. What is the B.E.P.? How much sales volume does it take to produce profits equal to cost reduction of $500?

2. A company has capacity to produce 600,000 units of a product per year. At present it is operating at 65% of capacity and has an annual income of $425,000. Fixed costs are $200,000; variable costs are $0.60 per unit. What is the company’s profit or loss? What is the B.E.P.? What would the profit be at 80% of capacity?

Explanation / Answer

Answer to question 1 :

Given , Volume of sales = 125,000

Total sales value of the company

= Profit + Total fixed cost + Total variable cost

= 15000 + 50,000 + 600,000

= $665,000

Also, Unit variable cost

= Total variable cost/ Number of units produced

= 600,000/ 125,000

= $4.8/unit

Price per unit = Total sales value/ Sales volume = 665,000/ 125,000 = $5.32 / unit

Let break even volume ( B.E.P) = N

At B.E.P, Total sales = Total cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost/ unit x Number of units

Total sales = Unit Price x Number of units sold = $5.32.N

Total cost = Fixed cost + Unit variable cost/ unit x Number of units = 50,000 + 4.8.N

Therefore at B.E.P

5.32N = 50,000 + 4.8.N

Or, 0.52.N = 50,000

N = 96153.84 ( 96154 ROUNDED TO NEAREST WHOLE NUMBER )

Contribution per unit = Unit price – Unit variable cost = $5.32 - $4.8 = $0.52

Therefore , required increase in sales volume to make profit of $500

= 500 / 0.52

= 961.53 ( 962 rounded to nearest whole number )

B.E.P = 96154

REQUIRED INCREASE IN SALES VOLUME = 962

Answer to question #2 :

Actual production of the company = 65% of capacity 600,000 = 390,000

Thus total cost of the company at volume of 390,000

= Fixed cost + Variable cost /unit x Actual production

= $ 200,000 + 0.60 x 390,000

= $200,000 + $234,000

= $434,000

Total cost of the company = $434,000

Total annual income of the company = $425,000

Since , Income < Total cost , it will lead to a loss situation.

Thus, annual loss for the company = Total cost – Annual income = $434,000 - $425,000 = $9,000

Let Break even Point ( B.E.P) volume = N

At break even point , Total sales = Total cost

Also,

At 65% of capacity i.e. at a volume of 390,000 units its annual income is $425,000

Therefore , Price per unit = $ 425,000 / 390,000 = $1.089 / unit

Therefore, total sales at volume of N = 1.089.N

Total cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost/ unit x Number of units = $200,000 + 0.60.N

Since at B.E.P , Total sales = Total cost ,

Therefore ,

1.089.N = 200,000 + 0.6.N

Or, 0.489.N = 200,000

Or, N = 200,000/ 0.489 = 408997.95 ( 408998 ROUNDED TO NEAREST WHOLE NUMBER )

B.E.P = 408,998

Production at 80% capacity = 80% of 600,000 units = 480,000

Thus total cost for producing 480,000 units

= Fixed cost + Total variable cost

= $200,000 + $ 0.60 x 480,000

= 200,000 + 288,000

= $488,000

Total annual income = Price per unit ( $1.089 / unit ) x Production volume ( 480,000)

                                      = $1.089 x 480,000

                                       = $522720

Profit at 80% of the capacity = Total income – Total cost = $522720 - $488,000 = - $34,720

LOSS AT 65% CAPACITY = $9000

B.E.P = 408,998

PROFIT AT 80% CAPACITY = $34,720

B.E.P = 96154

REQUIRED INCREASE IN SALES VOLUME = 962